Renal Tubular Acidosis: Core Curriculum 2025.

Renal tubular acidoses (RTAs) are a subset of non-anion gap metabolic acidoses that result from complex disturbances in renal acid excretion. Net acid excretion is primarily accomplished through the reclamation of sodium bicarbonate and the buffering of secreted protons with ammonia or dibasic phosphate, all of which require a series of highly complex and coordinated processes along the renal tubule. Flaws in any of these components lead to the development of metabolic acidosis and/or a failure to compensate fully for other systemic acidoses.

Infection-Associated Glomerulonephritis.

The nephritic syndrome has been associated with a wide variety of infections, spanning many organisms and myriad clinical presentations. Infection-associated glomerulonephritis is challenging to diagnose given the many confounding factors linking kidney injury to infection; however, urine microscopy can assist in identifying abnormal cellular elements suggestive of glomerulonephritis. Kidney biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosing the underlying pathologic lesion.

The effect of acute hydration on body composition assessed by multi-frequency and single-frequency bioelectrical impedance.

Background: Multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance (MF-BIA) provides an estimate of total body water. However, it is unknown if MF-BIA detects body water increases due to acute hydration, thus affecting the validity of MF-BIA body composition measurements. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of pre-testing fluid ingestion on body composition estimation using single-frequency bioelectrical impedance (SF-BIA) and MF-BIA.

COVID-19 pandemic in long-term care: An international perspective for policy considerations.

This paper identifies key factors rooted in the systemic failings of the long-term care sector amongst four high income countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal is to offer practice and policy solutions to prevent future tragedies. Based on data from Australia, Canada, Spain and the United States, the findings support evidence-based recommendations at macro, meso and micro levels of practice and policy intervention.

Impact of Temperature and Oxygen Availability on Gene Expression Patterns of Mycobacterium ulcerans.

Buruli ulcer disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the environmental pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans. The M. ulcerans major virulence factor is mycolactone, a lipid cytotoxic compound whose genes are carried on a plasmid.