Smith machine squats pose high risk to ACL graft integrity after the ACL reconstruction and conventional squats are a safer alternative.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of squats after the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction on the ACL graft, considering new data on biomechanics, posterior tibial slope (PTS) and anterolateral ligament (ALL).

Methods: Utilising finite element analysis on the new 14-component knee joint model, we have evaluated stresses on the knee elements separately for the knee with a native double-bundle ACL and with a single-bundle ACL graft for the 5° and 14° PTS variants during both conventional and Smith machine horizontal squats.

Results: Replacing a native ACL with a single-bundle graft causes an overstrain on the graft compared to the intact ACL under all conditions.

How safe are partial squats after the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction? A finite element analysis.

Background: Partial squats are a part of many rehabilitation programs. Progress to deeper squats can only be performed through the partial squat position. However, squats safety, onset time, and rational depth are still controversial.

THE STRESS IN THE ACL, ACL GRAFT, AND OTHER JOINT ELEMENTS WHILE WEIGHT-BEARING IN FULL EXTENSION DEPENDING ON THE POSTERIOR TIBIAL SLOPE.

The safety of early weight bearing after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and the degree of posterior tibial slope (PTS) impact on ACL and ACL graft are still uncertain due to the limitations of previous studies. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of PTS change on ACL and ACL graft stress. We created the complex multicomponent static models of physiologically normal knee joint, taking into account the different PTS, the ligaments of the knee joint, including the ALL, articular cartilage, and menisci, literature data on muscle tension also with double-bundle ACL and single-bundle ACL graft to determine deformations and stress on the anatomical elements of the joint at a qualitatively new level.

[OUR EXPERIENCE WITH THE USE OF BIPORTAL ENDOSCOPIC SURGERY IN THE TREATMENT OF HERNIATED DISCS OF THE LUMBAR SPINE].

Open microdiscectomy is the standard surgical treatment for herniated discs at the lumbar level. However, with open operations on the spine, the risk of developing postoperative instability of the spine and the occurrence of chronic back pain is quite high. Biportal endoscopic spinal surgery is a new method in minimally invasive spinal surgery, which has several advantages over open surgery.