Exhaled Breath Condensate Surveillance for in Acute Leukemia-a Pilot Trial.

Invasive fungal infections in patients with leukemia carry a high mortality rate, but early diagnosis has the potential to modify this natural history. A novel screening method using droplet-digital polymerase chain reaction in exhaled breath condensate may have a similar performance to serum galactomannan screening. Larger studies, including other molds, are necessary.

Hospital-Acquired and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Early After Lung Transplantation: A Prospective Study on Incidence, Pathogen Origin, and Outcome.

Background: Hospital-acquired (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) are important complications early (<30 days) after lung transplantation (LT). However, current incidence, associated factors, and outcomes are not well reported.

Methods: LT recipients transplanted at our institution (July 2019-January 2020 and October 2021-November 2022) were prospectively included.

External Validity of a Randomized Controlled Trial on Duration of Antibiotics for the Treatment of Gram-Negative Bacteremia.

Introduction: Reports regarding the external validity of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are scarce. We aimed to assess the population external validity of an investigator-initiated RCT on the duration of antibiotics for the treatment of Gram-negative bacteremia by comparing patients included in the RCT to patients that were not included in the trial.

Methods: Hospitalized patients with Gram-negative bacteremia were recruited into an RCT and randomized to receive 7 or 14 days of covering antibiotic therapy in Israel and Italy from 2013 to 2017.

Current state of antimicrobial stewardship in solid organ transplantation in Israel.

Background: We aimed to review the current state, challenges, and needs of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) in adult solid organ transplantation (SOT) centers in Israel.

Methods: We conducted a survey using electronic questionnaires sent during February 2022 to infectious disease (ID) consultants of SOT centers, encompassing general and organ-specific ASP issues.

Results: All six centers performing adult SOTs in Israel participated.

Large-scale WGS of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates reveals patterns of dissemination of ST clades associated with antibiotic resistance.

Objectives: To describe the population genetics and antibiotic resistance gene distribution of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) isolates causing infections in three Mediterranean countries.

Methods: Isolates were collected during the 2013-17 AIDA clinical trial in six hospitals in Israel, Greece and Italy. WGS, bioinformatic characterization and antibiotic resistance profiling were performed.