Transmitted HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Estonian Residents and Ukrainian Refugees in 2020 and 2022.

Objectives: We investigated the prevalence of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in individuals newly diagnosed with HIV-1 in Estonia in 2020 and 2022, and in Ukrainian war refugees living with HIV who arrived in Estonia in 2022.

Methods: HIV-1 genomic RNA was sequenced in protease-reverse transcriptase and integrase regions. DRMs were determined separately by Stanford University CPR Tool and HIVdb Program.

Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 lineages in children and adults in 2021 and 2022.

Purpose: We aimed to describe SARS-CoV-2 lineages and diversity in children and adults in Estonia and similarity to travel-related cases and neighbouring countries.

Methods: SARS-CoV-2 sequences in 2021-2022 from a nationwide study were included. The proportion of predominant lineages in Estonian regions and among travel-related cases was described by multinomial logistic regression.

SARS-CoV-2 clade dynamics and their associations with hospitalisations during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic was characterised by rapid waves of disease, carried by the emergence of new and more infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus variants. How the pandemic unfolded in various locations during its first two years has yet to be sufficiently covered. To this end, here we are looking at the circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants, their diversity, and hospitalisation rates in Estonia in the period from March 2000 to March 2022.

No transmitted drug resistance to HIV integrase strand-transfer inhibitors after their scale-up in Estonia in 2017.

Objectives: In Eastern Europe, HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance (TDR) data, especially in the integrase (IN) region, are limited. In Estonia, INSTI (integrase strand transfer inhibitors) TDR has been studied only prior to the INSTI scale-up in late 2010s. The current study aimed to determine the levels of protease (PR), reverse transcriptase (RT) and IN surveillance drug resistance mutations (SDRMs) among newly diagnosed patients in Estonia in 2017.

Prevalence and associated factors of cystoid macular edema in children with early onset inherited retinal dystrophies.

Purpose: To assess the prevalence of Cystoid macular edema (CME) in children with early onset retinal dystrophies (EORD) and to evaluate if there are associated factors and/or response to early treatment.

Methods: Consecutive, retrospective case series. Medical records of patients, 18 years or younger, diagnosed with EORD were included in the study.