State-of-the art of non-hormonal methods of contraception: VI. Male sterilisation.

A systematic Medline/PubMed and Cochrane Library review of the literature was carried out with regard to technique, effectiveness, safety and complications of male sterilisation. Vasectomy is an outpatient procedure which can be performed under local anaesthesia. The vas deferens is accessed by means of either a conventional incision with a scalpel or by using the 'no-scalpel technique'.

State-of-the-art of non-hormonal methods of contraception: V. Female sterilisation.

Objective: Systematic review of the literature on the effectiveness and safety of permanent female contraception.

Material And Methods: A systematic Medline and Cochrane Library review of the literature on technique, effectiveness, safety and complications of female sterilisation. Keywords used for research were 'female sterilisation', 'tubal occlusion', 'history', 'counselling', 'hysteroscopy', 'laparoscopy', 'complications' and 'effectiveness'.