An in-depth analysis of factors influencing small-scale cattle farmers' participation in livestock markets in Western Province of Zambia: navigating challenges and barriers.

Introductions: The low participation of small-scale farmers in livestock markets in sub-Saharan Africa, including Zambia, is a major inhibitor to private sector investment in the livestock subsector. Despite the immense potential of the livestock industry to bolster the economic development of countries in this region, several socioeconomic, environmental, and cultural factors contribute to this hindrance.

Methods: This study was conducted in the Western Province of Zambia and adopted a qualitative research approach to understand the challenges and barriers affecting livestock markets among smallholder cattle farmers.

Transcutaneous fluorescence spectroscopy: development and characterization of a compact, portable, and fiber-optic sensor.

Significance: The integrity of the intestinal barrier is gaining recognition as a significant contributor to various pathophysiological conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), and malnutrition. EED, for example, manifests as complex structural and functional changes in the small intestine leading to increased intestinal permeability, inflammation, and reduced absorption of nutrients. Despite the importance of gut function, current techniques to assess intestinal permeability (such as endoscopic biopsies or dual sugar assays) are either highly invasive, unreliable, and/or difficult to perform in certain patient populations (e.

Deployment of novel oral polio vaccine type 2 under emergency use listing in Nigeria: the rollout experience.

In 2011, a dedicated consortium of experts commenced work on the development of the novel oral poliovirus vaccine type 2 (nOPV2). After careful and rigorous analysis of data to enable early, targeted use of the vaccine, World Health Organization´s (WHO´s) Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE) reviewed data from accelerated clinical development of nOPV2 and endorsed entering assessment under WHO´s Emergency Use Listing (EUL) procedure. In November 2020, nOPV2 received an interim recommendation for use under EUL to enable rapid field availability and potential wider rollout of the vaccine.

The role of polio emergency operations centers: perspectives for future disease control initiatives in Nigeria.

The Nigeria Polio Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) was established in October 2012 to strengthen coordination, provide strategic direction based on real-time data analysis, and manage all operational aspects of the polio eradication program. The establishment of seven state-level polio EOCs followed. With success achieved in the interruption of wild poliovirus (WPV) transmission as certified in 2020, the future direction of the polio EOC is under consideration.

Integrating Comprehensive Rehabilitation Care to Multimorbidity Approach: A Challenge for the Chilean Public Health System.

The multimorbidity approach involves promotional and preventive strategies. The demand for rehabilitation services has grown exponentially in recent years, leading to the urgency of rethinking care delivery. In Chile, there are laws, programs, and guidelines that, from their theoretical basis, include a person-centered care focus.