Occurrence and First Molecular Characterization of Spinitectus notopteri Karve et Naik, 1951, Infected Bronze Featherback (Notopterus notopterus) in India.

Purpose: The nematode genus Spinitectus Fourment, 1883, comprises species that are mainly parasitic on freshwater and marine fishes. However, our knowledge of the distribution and molecular identification of Spinitectus spp. in the Indian region is rather limited.

Redox induced oxidative C-C coupling of non-innocent bis(heterocyclo)methanides.

Redox driven C-C bond formation has gained recent attention over the traditional sequence of oxidative addition, insertion and reductive elimination reactions. In this regard, the transient radical mediated diverse reactivity profile of bis(heterocyclo)methanes (H-BHM: HL1-HL4) has been demonstrated as a function of varying metal ions and ligand backbones. It highlighted the following events: (a) redox induced homocoupling of deprotonated HL1 and HL4 on coordination to M(OAc) precursors (M = Cu, Zn, Pd, Ag), including the effective role of molecular oxygen in the transformation process; (b) steric inhibition of C-C coupling of HL1 or HL4 on inserting the substituent at the bridged methylene centre (Ph in HL2 or CH in HL3); (c) competitive C-C coupling oxygenation of free HL1 with varying concentrations of Pd(OAc) as the ease of oxygenation over dimerisation of the deprotonated HL1 was corroborated by the DFT calculated lower activation barrier and greater thermodynamic stability of the former; and (d) redox non-innocence of BHMs on a coordinatively inert ruthenium platform, which in turn favored the involvement of a radical pathway for the aforestated coupling or oxygenation process.

Unusual innervation pattern of pectoralis minor muscle-anatomical description and clinical implications.

The highlight of the current case study is unique branching pattern of the medial pectoral nerve in relation to the pectoralis minor muscle. In addition, the third thoracic spinal nerve also was observed to penetrate the muscle. The lateral pectoral nerve did not innervate the muscle.

Unilateral intercordal neural communication coexistent with variant branching pattern of posterior cord of brachial plexus.

Variant branching pattern of the cords of brachial plexus coupled with erroneous communications has been an area of concern for surgeons opting to explore this region. Anaesthetic blocks and surgical approaches are the highlights of these interventions, where a keen familiarization of the anatomy of this region is mandatory. The present case description reports a unilateral variant branching pattern of the posterior cord coexistent with a neural communication between lateral and medial cords in an adult male cadaver.

Anomalous disposition of profunda femoris artery: a clinicoanatomical appraisal.

During educational dissection of the left lower limb of an adult Indian male cadaver, an unusual variation of the branches of the femoral artery and profunda femoris artery (PFA), were observed. The profunda femoris artery and medial circumflex femoral artery took origin from a common arterial trunk from the medial side of femoral artery. The PFA coursed lateral to the femoral vein.