Previous experience with delays affects delay discounting in animal model of ADHD.

Background: ADHD is a disorder where a common symptom is impulsive behaviour, a broad term associated with making sub-optimal choices. One frequently used method to investigate impulsive behaviour is delay discounting, which involves choosing between a small, immediate reinforcer and a delayed, larger one. Choosing the small immediate reinforcer is by itself, however, not sufficient for terming the choice impulsive, as all organisms eventually switch to choosing the small, immediate reinforcer when the delay to the larger reinforcer becomes long.

The Stroop Task Sex Difference: Evolved Inhibition or Color Naming?

Previous research shows that women outperform men in the classic Stroop task, but it is not known why this difference occurs. There are currently two main hypotheses: (1) women have enhanced verbal abilities, and (2) women show greater inhibition. In two Stroop experiments, we examined the Inhibition hypothesis by adopting a procedure, often used in visual cognition paradigms, that induces a particular inhibitory component.

Hürthle cell adenoma diagnosed by core needle biopsy in a male patient.

Hürthle cell adenomas (HCAs) are a rare and potentially lethal variant of follicular tumors of the thyroid. Considerable controversy exists regarding potential risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of HCAs. The authors report the case of a 38-year-old male patient with an 8.

The effect of respiratory therapist-initiated treatment protocols on patient outcomes and resource utilization.

Context: Physicians frequently prescribe respiratory treatments to hospitalized patients, but the influence of such treatments on clinical outcomes is difficult to assess.

Objective: To compare the clinical outcomes of patients receiving respiratory treatments managed by respiratory care practitioner (RCP)-directed treatment protocols or physician-directed orders.

Design: A single center, quasi-randomized, clinical study.

Jealousy: interventions in couples therapy.

Jealousy is a ubiquitous phenomenon that often needs to be addressed in couples therapy. Eleven treatment interventions, with case examples, are discussed, ranging from traditional, direct, straightforward approaches to indirect, paradoxical solutions. Criteria are offered for determining which interventions to use.