Field methods for amending marine sediment with activated carbon and assessing treatment effectiveness.

Previous laboratory studies have shown reductions in PCB bioavailability for sediments amended with activated carbon (AC). Here we report results on a preliminary pilot-scale study to assess challenges in scaling-up for field deployment and monitoring. The goals of the preliminary pilot-scale study at Hunters Point Shipyard (San Francisco, USA) were to (1) test the capabilities of a large-scale mixing device for incorporating AC into sediment, (2) develop and evaluate our field assessment techniques, and (3) compare reductions in PCB bioavailability found in the laboratory with well-mixed systems to those observed in the field with one-time-mixed systems.

The Computerized MacArthur Story Stem Battery--a pilot study of a novel medium for assessing children's representations of relationships.

Story stem measures allow the assessment of children's representations of relationship functioning, but are expensive and time-consuming to administer. We developed a computerized story stem measure which does not require specific training for administrators and which allows the child to produce their own animated, narrated story completion. This paper describes, firstly, the reliability of the Computerized MacArthur Story Stem Battery (CMSSB) and, secondly, a preliminary comparison of children in foster care and school controls on narrative coherence, intentionality and avoidance.

Microscale analytical methods for the quantitative detection of PCBs and PAHs in small tissue masses.

Microscale methods (MM) were evaluated and compared to traditional methods (TM) for measuring polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in spiked and standard reference fish and mussel tissues. MMs are advantageous because they use small tissue masses (ca. 100mg), and maintain sensitivity through reducing final extract volume (traditionally 1 ml) by an order of magnitude or more (40 microl-PCBs; 100 microl-PAHs).

Effects of dose and particle size on activated carbon treatment to sequester polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediments.

Recent laboratory studies show that mixing activated carbon with contaminated sediment reduces the chemical and biological availability of hydrophobic organic contaminants. In this study, we test the effects of varying the activated carbon dose and particle size in reducing the aqueous availability of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the uptake of PCBs by two benthic organisms. We mixed PCB- and PAH-contaminated sediment from Hunters Point Naval Shipyard, San Francisco Bay (CA, USA), for one month with activated carbon, at doses of 0.