All-polarization-maintaining dual-comb Er-fiber laser with combined figure-8 and figure-9 architectures.

We propose and demonstrate, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, an all-polarization-maintaining (all-PM) dual-comb Er-fiber laser based on combined figure-8 and figure-9 architectures. The opposite signs of the non-reciprocal phase shifts required for figure-8 and figure-9 architectures in the shared nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM) are achieved using a single non-reciprocal phase shifter (NRPS) that operates in two orthogonal polarizations. The capability of common mode noise cancellation, environmental stability, long-term reliability, and the tunable range of the repetition rate difference Δ between two combs has been investigated and characterized.

Monitoring Use of Language Interpreting Services for Patients with Limited English Proficiency: Methods to Match Patient Medical Records with Interpreter Billing Logs.

Background: Over 60 million patients in the USA have limited English proficiency (LEP) and experience barriers in care. Still, there exists no standardized method of monitoring the utilization of language interpreting services (LIS).

Objective: To introduce a methodological approach to systematically monitor utilization of LIS for LEP patients.

Comparative Analysis of Bacteremic and Non-bacteremic Sepsis: A Retrospective Study.

Introduction: Sepsis remains a prevalent critical illness encountered in emergency departments and intensive care units (ICU), with culture-negative sepsis constituting 30-60% of cases. The effect of culture type on treatment and outcomes remains unclear, and conflicting evidence exists regarding disparities between Gram-positive and Gram-negative infections.

Objective: To further describe and compare characteristics and outcomes of culture-positive versus culture-negative sepsis.