EMLA versus TAC for topical anesthesia of extremity wounds in children.

Study Objective: To compare the anesthetic efficacy of EMLA (eutectic mixture of local anesthetics) cream with that of TAC (tetracaine, adrenaline, and cocaine) solution for suturing uncomplicated extremity wounds.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, single-blind, randomized trial in a convenience sample of 32 children, ages 5 to 18 years, who required repair of an extremity laceration. Eligible wounds were less than 5 cm long and less than 12 hours old.

End-tidal carbon dioxide changes during cardiopulmonary resuscitation after experimental asphyxial cardiac arrest.

A study was undertaken to determine the pattern of end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) changes during asphyxia-induced cardiac arrest in a pediatric canine model. Eleven intubated, anesthetized, paralyzed dogs (mean age, 4.1 mo; mean weight, 5.

Effect of number of blood cultures and volume of blood on detection of bacteremia in children.

Objective: To determine whether bacteremia can be detected more rapidly and completely by (1) obtaining two blood cultures instead of one and/or (2) collecting a larger volume of blood.

Study Design: Prospective comparison of different strategies in 300 patients undergoing blood culture for suspected bacteremia. Each patient had two samples of blood, A (2 ml) and B (9.

Pediatric emergency medicine fellow clinical work requirements.

A wide range of clinical requirements exists among PEM fellowship programs. Programs are equally split concerning the question of whether fellows should work with supervision or independently in the first year; a significant number of fellowship programs require continued supervision of fellows in subsequent years. Orientation for first year fellows and requirements for completion of PALS, advanced pediatric life support (APLS), ACLS, or ATLS courses prior to their first independent shift varied greatly.

ATP-MgCl2 pre-treatment in an animal model of asphyxial arrest.

ATP-MgCl2 treatment has been found to be a promising intervention in many models of hypoxic/ischemic injury. In this study, the effect of pre-treatment with ATP-MgCl2 on the hemodynamic response to asphyxia in the rat was examined. Rats were anesthetized with halothane and N2O2.