Developing trust among players in a vendor-managed inventory model for random demand under environmental impact.

Retailers play a vital role in supply chain management because they deal directly with consumers. Occasionally, retailers may cover the entire system's statistics and not disclose these data to the manufacturer. Therefore, asymmetry is generated in the data throughout the system.

High doses of nano-polystyrene aggravate the oxidative stress, DNA damage, and the cell death in onions.

Plastic pollution has been reported to negatively impact global biodiversity and ecosystem health. However, the molecular mechanisms of nano-plastics in plants are unidentified, especially their negative impacts on genomic stability. This study for the first time showed that nano-polystyrene leads to cell death in plants by subjugating the cellular antioxidant defence mechanisms through the aggravated production of ROS, which in turn could induce the DNA damage impairing the genetic regulation of the corresponding DNA repair pathway.

Melatonin mediated activation of MAP kinase pathway may reduce DNA damage stress in plants: A review.

Melatonin is an important biomolecule found in diverse groups of organisms. Under different abiotic stresses, the synthesis of melatonin is markedly increased suggesting pivotal roles of melatonin in plants enduring stresses. Being an endogenous signaling molecule with antioxidant activity, melatonin alters many physiological responses and is found to be involved in regulating DNA damage responses.

Toxicological impacts of nanopolystyrene on zebrafish oocyte with insight into the mechanism of action: An expression-based analysis.

Many studies have investigated the negative impacts of microplastics on teleost fishes with very little or no evidence of their mechanism of action. This scenario entreats us to investigate the toxicities of nanopolystyrene in zebrafish oocyte with emphasis on the mechanism of action. In the present study, the cellular levels of mRNA transcripts of different genetic markers (such as: sod, gpx, nrf2, inos, ucp2, and atp6 (redox-sensitive markers); nfkβ, tnfα, il-10, ikβ, gdf9, and bmp15 (immune markers); gadd45, rad51, p53 and bcl2 (DNA damage and apoptotic)) have been quantified by real-time PCR after 6 h of incubation of isolated oocyte with different doses of nanopolystyrene viz.

Occurrence and distribution of micro/nanoplastics in soils and their phytotoxic effects: A review.

Some recent studies have reviewed the occurrence and phytotoxicity of micro/nanoplastics, but their distribution in the soil environment, mechanisms of uptake by roots and the mode of action are unclear. Thus, this review comprehensively represents the relative abundance of micro/nanoplastics in different soil types and their toxicities in plants with insights into their partitioning to different soil matrices, uptake mechanisms, and the mode of action. Partitioning of micro/nanoplastics to different soil matrices (like-soil particles, naturally occurring soil organic matters, pore waters and soil fauna) could modify their bioavailability to plants.