Quality of life aspects of intermittent catheterization in neurogenic and non-neurogenic patients: a systematic review on heterogeneity in the measurements used.

Background: Clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) is the golden standard in patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction, leading to bladder emptying problems, due to neurogenic or non-neurogenic causes. CIC affects patient Quality of Life (QoL) both positively and negatively.

Objectives: The aim of this systematic review is to determine which measurements are used to report on the QoL of patients who are on CIC in the currently available literature, to determine the overall QoL of patients who are on CIC and lastly, to determine whether QoL in patients who are on CIC is dependent on the underlying cause (neurogenic vs non-neurogenic).

Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation of the Abdomen, Ear, and Tibial Nerve Modulates Bladder Contraction in a Rat Detrusor Overactivity Model: A Pilot Study.

Purpose: The global prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB) is estimated at 11.8%. Despite existing treatment options such as sacral neuromodulation, a substantial number of patients remain untreated.

Variation of diagnosis and treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract infections: an online survey among caretakers involved.

Background: The diagnosis of a clinically significant catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) in patients performing clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) or with an indwelling catheter (IC) can be challenging.

Objective: To get an insight into the variation of the used definition, diagnosis and management of CAUTIs by relevant healthcare workers in the Netherlands.

Design: An online clinical scenario-based survey.

Androgen receptors in the forebrain: A study in adult male cats.

Androgens and their receptors are present throughout the body. Various structures such as muscles, genitals, and prostate express androgen receptors. The central nervous system also expresses androgen receptors.

Kilohertz alternating current neuromodulation of the pudendal nerves: effects on the anal canal and anal sphincter in rats.

The first two objectives were to establish which stimulation parameters of kilohertz frequency alternating current (KHFAC) neuromodulation influence the effectiveness of pudendal nerve block and its safety. The third aim was to determine whether KHFAC neuromodulation of the pudendal nerve can relax the pelvic musculature, including the anal sphincter. Simulation experiments were conducted to establish which parameters can be adjusted to improve the effectiveness and safety of the nerve block.