The Microbiome: From the Beginning to the End.

The human microbiota, a community of microorganisms in our bodies, is crucial for our health. This paper explores its development from birth through old age, highlighting some of the unique roles at key life stages-infancy, adulthood, and in the elderly years. Understanding the significant health impacts and consequences of changes in the microbiota offers insights for both the public and clinicians.

Memory T-Cells Contribute to Calcium Release from Bones during Lactation in Mice.

Milk production during lactation places a high demand for calcium that is fulfilled both from maternal bone resorption and diet. While it is known that mammary gland-derived PTHrP drives bone resorption during lactation, the impact of postpartum estrogen loss on bone has been unclear. We used a case-control study design to test the effect of estrogen loss in lactating mice.

HTLV-1 infected T cells cause bone loss via small extracellular vesicles.

Adult T cell leukaemia (ATL), caused by infection with human T- lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), is often complicated by hypercalcemia and osteolytic lesions. Therefore, we studied the communication between patient-derived ATL cells (ATL-PDX) and HTLV-1 immortalized CD4+ T cell lines (HTLV/T) with osteoclasts and their effects on bone mass in mice. Intratibial inoculation of some HTLV/T leads to a profound local decrease in bone mass similar to marrow-replacing ATL-PDX, despite the fact that few HTLV/T cells persisted in the bone.

SON is an essential RNA splicing factor promoting ErbB2 and ErbB3 expression in breast cancer.

Background: In breast cancer, ErbB receptors play a critical role, and overcoming drug resistance remains a major challenge in the clinic. However, intricate regulatory mechanisms of ErbB family genes are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate SON as an ErbB-regulatory splicing factor and a novel therapeutic target for ErbB-positive breast cancer.