Modulation of CCR5 expression and R5 HIV-1 infection in primary macrophages exposed to sera from HESN, LTNP, and chronically HIV-1 infected people with or without natural antibodies to CCR5.

CCR5 is the main co-receptor for HIV-1 cell entry and it plays key roles in HIV-1 mucosal transmission. Natural anti-CCR5 antibodies were found in HIV-1-exposed seronegative and long-term non-progressor subjects, suggesting a role in controlling viral replication in vivo. We assessed the effect of sera containing or not natural anti-CCR5 antibodies, on membrane CCR5 level and HIV-1 infection in primary macrophages.

Multiorgan ultrastructural changes in rats induced in synthetic torpor.

Torpor is a state used by several mammals to survive harsh winters and avoid predation, characterized by a drastic reduction in metabolic rate followed by a decrease in body temperature, heart rate, and many physiological variables. During torpor, all organs and systems must adapt to the new low-energy expenditure conditions to preserve physiological homeostasis. These adaptations may be exploited in a translational perspective in several fields.

Activation of orexin-A (hypocretin-1) receptors in the Raphe Pallidus at different ambient temperatures in the rat: effects on thermoregulation, cardiovascular control, sleep, and feeding behavior.

The Raphe Pallidus (RPa) is a brainstem nucleus containing sympathetic premotor neurons that control thermogenesis and modulate cardiovascular function. It receives inputs from various hypothalamic areas, including the Lateral Hypothalamus (LH), a heterogeneous region intricately involved in several autonomic and behavioral functions. A key subpopulation of neurons in the LH expresses orexin/hypocretin, a neuropeptide which is crucially involved in the regulation of the wake-sleep states and feeding behavior.

Seroprotection against tetanus in HIV-exposed and HIV-unexposed infants in Malawi in 2019-2020.

In Malawi, tetanus toxoid vaccination (TTV) is recommended in pregnancy, but few studies have assessed the prevalence of infant seroprotection against tetanus. Anti-TT levels from 84 6-week-old infants, born in 2019-2020 to mothers living with HIV (HEU: HIV-exposed-uninfected) infants and to HIV-negative women (HUU: HIV-unexposed-uninfected) infants were determined by ELISA assay. Although 94% of the infants (HEU=94.

Fluorescent Neuronal Cells v2: multi-task, multi-format annotations for deep learning in microscopy.

Fluorescent Neuronal Cells v2 is a collection of fluorescence microscopy images and the corresponding ground-truth annotations, designed to foster innovative research in the domains of Life Sciences and Deep Learning. This dataset encompasses three image collections wherein rodent neuronal cell nuclei and cytoplasm are stained with diverse markers to highlight their anatomical or functional characteristics. Specifically, we release 1874 high-resolution images alongside 750 corresponding ground-truth annotations for several learning tasks, including semantic segmentation, object detection and counting.