Efficacy of Procaine, With and Without Epinephrine, Compared to Lidocaine in Local Anesthesia for Calves Before Thermocautery Disbudding.

Within the European Union, the use of lidocaine in food-producing animals is restricted due to concerns over human safety. This study compared the clinical effectiveness of procaine, with and without epinephrine, against lidocaine in pain alleviation during thermocautery disbudding in xylazine-sedated calves. The efficacy of local blocks was assessed through needle pricks, and the behavioral reactions to disbudding were scored.

A Web-Based Physical Activity Promotion Intervention for Inactive Parent-Child Dyads: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Low levels of physical activity are associated with numerous adverse health outcomes, yet sedentary lifestyles are common among both children and adults. Physical activity levels tend to decline steeply among children aged between 8 and 12 years, even though children's behavioral patterns are largely governed by familial structures. Similarly, parents' activity levels have been generally reported as lower than those of nonparents of comparable age.

Pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in pre-ruminant calves after intravenous, oral, and subcutaneous administration.

Meloxicam is routinely used for pain alleviation in pre-ruminant calves during husbandry procedures. The pharmacokinetics of a single dose (0.5 mg/kg) of meloxicam was investigated after intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SC), and oral (PO) administration in 30 pre-ruminant calves.

ESCRT-dependent control of craniofacial morphogenesis with concomitant perturbation of NOTCH signaling.

Craniofacial development is orchestrated by transcription factor-driven regulatory networks, epigenetic modifications, and signaling pathways. Signaling molecules and their receptors rely on endo-lysosomal trafficking to prevent accumulation on the plasma membrane. ESCRT (Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport) machinery is recruited to endosomal membranes enabling degradation of such endosomal cargoes.

A comparison of sedative effects of xylazine alone or combined with levomethadone or ketamine in calves prior to disbudding.

Objective: To compare the sedative effects of intramuscular xylazine alone or combined with levomethadone or ketamine in calves before cautery disbudding.

Study Design: Randomized, blinded, clinical trial.

Animals: A total of 28 dairy calves, aged 21 ± 5 days and weighing 61.