Assessment of the quality of anti-tuberculosis medicines in Almaty, Kazakhstan, 2014.

Setting: In 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) conducted a survey of the quality of four anti-tuberculosis drugs in the former Soviet Union countries. Kazakhstan had the highest proportion of substandard drugs.

Objective: To assess the quality of anti-tuberculosis drugs used in Kazakhstan in 2014.

Lymphocyte Apoptosis during Hemorragic Fever with Renal Syndrome.

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a fundamental process regulating immune homeostasis. During acute viral infections PCD of lymphocytes by apoptosis is necessary for removing the excess of activated antigen-reactive T cells and down-regulation of the immune response. On the other hand, apoptosis is the key mechanism of elimination of viral-infected cells.

The Immune Status and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in the Opioid Addicts.

The immune status and the PBL apoptosis were studied in the healthy donors and the opioid addicts. Leukocytosis and the increased percentage of the CD3(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, CD19(+) B cells, activated CD25(+) and HLA DR(+) lymphocytes were observed in the addicted patients. The number of the CD95 and CD95L bearing cells also was increased however the percentage of the bcl-2(+) lymphocytes was the same as for the donors.

Fas/Apo-1 (CD95) Antigen Expression on the Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Healthy Donors and Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients.

As well as the proliferation of antigen-specific T and B cells the programmed cell death (apoptosis) of lymphocytes is one of the key mechanisms of the immune homeostasis regulation. The apoptosis of immunocytes is associated with the expression of Fas/Apo-1 (CD95) glycoprotein. The expression of Fas/Apo-1 (CD95) on the peripheral blood lymphocytes from 45 healthy donors and 45 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was studied.