The suprascapular nerve and its articular branch to the acromioclavicular joint: an anatomic study.

Hypothesis: The suprascapular nerve and its articular branch innervate the acromioclavicular (AC) joint. Documenting the detailed anatomy of this innervation in the AC joint, including the pertinent surgical and anatomic relationships of the suprascapular nerve and its branches to the AC joint, will aid in the prevention of injury and the reduction of risk of denervation during shoulder surgery.

Materials And Methods: Twelve shoulders from 6 embalmed human cadavers were bilaterally dissected to study the course of the suprascapular nerve and its motor and sensory branches.

Retro-cardiac esophageal mobility and deflection to prevent thermal injury during atrial fibrillation ablation: an anatomic feasibility study.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation often causes minor esophageal (ESO) injury, and sometimes lethal posterior left atria (PLA)-ESO fistula. Avoidance techniques (energy reduction and/or complete target avoidance) provide questionable ESO protective value, and are likely associated with increased AF recurrence.

Methods And Results: Potential independent mobility, deflectability and age-related anatomic factors, assessed by multi-position, and age-progressive thoracic computed tomography scans, show (1) mobility of the retro-cardiac ESO-PLA juxtaposition, (2) age-related increased thermal ablation vulnerability; and also, age-increased potential for retro-cardiac ESO mobility and deflectability to avoid collateral injury; and that (3) the retro-cardiac vertebral bodies and the descending aorta create a patient-specific esophageal corridor which defines the resting supine esophageal position and the subsequent PLA-ESO crossing points.

Anatomical considerations of the internal iliac artery in association with the ilioinguinal approach for anterior acetabular fracture fixation.

Introduction: Vascular injury may be encountered during an anterior approach to the pelvis or acetabulum-be it due to hematoma decompression, clot dislodgement during fracture manipulation, or iatrogenic. This can be associated with significant bleeding, hemodynamic instability, and subsequent morbidity. If the exact source of bleeding cannot be easily identified, compression of the internal iliac artery may be a lifesaving procedure.

Scapular muscle activity in overhead athletes with symptoms of secondary shoulder impingement during closed chain exercises.

Objective: To determine the amount of muscle activation in 4 scapular muscles in overhead athletes with and without a history of secondary shoulder impingement, during 3 upper extremity closed chain exercises.

Design: One-between (group), one-within (exercise) repeated measures.

Setting: Controlled laboratory study.

Anatomical basis of the vascular risk related to the circumflex scapular artery during posterior approach to the scapula.

Purpose: The vasculature and anastomosis around the scapula is extremely intricate making surgical treatment complicated. We aimed to determine the "at risk area" for the circumflex scapular artery and its anastomosis with the suprascapular artery during posterior approach to the scapula.

Methods: Sixteen shoulders from eight embalmed adult cadavers were dissected through posterior approach to the scapula to study the relationship of the circumflex scapular artery and its anastomosis with the suprascapular artery to bony landmarks of the posterior scapula.