An experimental test of epistemic vigilance: Competitive incentives increase dishonesty and reduce social influence.

Cultural evolutionary theory has shown that social learning is adaptive across a broad range of conditions. While existing theory can account for why some social information is ignored, humans frequently under-utilise beneficial social information in experimental settings. One account of this is epistemic vigilance, whereby individuals avoid social information that is likely to be untrustworthy, though few experiments have directly tested this.

De novo design of peptide binders to conformationally diverse targets with contrastive language modeling.

Designing binders to target undruggable proteins presents a formidable challenge in drug discovery. In this work, we provide an algorithmic framework to design short, target-binding linear peptides, requiring only the amino acid sequence of the target protein. To do this, we propose a process to generate naturalistic peptide candidates through Gaussian perturbation of the peptidic latent space of the ESM-2 protein language model and subsequently screen these novel sequences for target-selective interaction activity via a contrastive language-image pretraining (CLIP)-based contrastive learning architecture.

Blood biomarker profiles in young-onset neurocognitive disorders: A cohort study.

Introduction: Young-onset neurocognitive symptoms result from a heterogeneous group of neurological and psychiatric disorders which present a diagnostic challenge. To identify such factors, we analysed the Biomarkers in Younger-Onset Neurocognitive Disorders cohort, a study of individuals <65 years old presenting with neurocognitive symptoms for a diagnosis and who have undergone cognitive and biomarker analyses.

Methods: Sixty-five participants (median age at assessment of 56 years, 45% female) were recruited during their index presentation to the Royal Melbourne Hospital Neuropsychiatry Centre, a tertiary specialist service in Melbourne, Australia, and categorized as either early-onset Alzheimer's disease ( = 18), non-Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration ( = 23) or primary psychiatric disorders ( = 24).

A Comprehensive Review of Injury Causation Analysis Methodology for the Assessment of Workers' Compensation and Motor Vehicle Collision Injuries.

Orthopaedic surgeons are frequently involved in treating patients with conditions resulting from occupational injuries or trauma from motor vehicle collisions. These circumstances may lead to disputes that are subject to litigation or medicolegal determinations by state agencies. As musculoskeletal experts, orthopaedic surgeons are frequently asked to opine on the causation and extent of injury in these patients.