Antimicrobial utilisation patterns between 2013 and 2022 in Canadian neonates born at less than 33 weeks gestation: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Excessive antimicrobial exposure is associated with an increase in neonatal mortality, morbidities and adverse neurodevelopment. Canadian Neonatal Network has been promoting judicious antimicrobial use through the Evidence-based Practice for Improving Quality processes. Our objective was to evaluate the antimicrobial consumption among neonates in tertiary neonatal intensive care units (NICU) in Canada in the recent decade.

CPAP Versus NIPPV Postextubation in Preterm Neonates: A Comparative-Effectiveness Study.

Background And Objectives: Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) has been shown to be superior to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) postextubation in preterm neonates. However, studies have not permitted high CPAP pressures or rescue with other modes. We hypothesized that if CPAP pressures >8 cmH2O and rescue with other modes were permitted, CPAP would be noninferior to NIPPV.

Causes of death among people with myelomeningocele: A multi-institutional 47-year retrospective study.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze organ system-based causes and non-organ system-based mechanisms of death (COD, MOD) in people with myelomeningocele (MMC), comparing urological to other COD.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of 16 institutions in Canada/United States of non-random convenience sample of people with MMC (born > = 1972) using non-parametric statistics.

Results: Of 293 deaths (89% shunted hydrocephalus), 12% occurred in infancy, 35% in childhood, and 53% in adulthood (documented COD: 74%).

Cost analysis for mirabegron use in the treatment of children with neurogenic bladder.

Introduction: Mirabegron is a beta-3 adrenergic receptor agonist that received FDA approval in 2021 to treat neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) in children ages three years and older. Despite its safety and efficacy, access to mirabegron frequently remains restricted by payor coverage policies.

Objective: This cost minimization study sought to determine the cost implications from a payor perspective of mirabegron use at different points in the treatment pathway for pediatric NDO.

Evolutionary traces of miniaturization in a giant-Comparative anatomy of brain and brain nerves in Bathochordaeus stygius (Tunicata, Appendicularia).

Appendicularia comprises 70 marine, invertebrate, chordate species. Appendicularians play important ecological and evolutionary roles, yet their morphological disparity remains understudied. Most appendicularians are small, develop rapidly, and with a stereotyped cell lineage, leading to the hypothesis that Appendicularia derived progenetically from an ascidian-like ancestor.