Differential regulation of tissue-resident and blood-derived macrophages in models of autoimmune and traumatic peripheral nerve injury.

Introduction: The current study focuses on understanding the functional role of different subsets of endoneurial macrophages in autoimmune polyneuropathies (AP) and traumatic peripheral nerve injury (TPNI), which holds potential for clinical application. Recent studies have advanced our understanding of the diverse origins of macrophages within peripheral nerves. However, there remains a gap in our knowledge regarding how endoneurial macrophages from different origins affect disease progression in AP versus TPNI.

A post-hoc pooled analysis to evaluate efficacy and safety of insulin glargine 300 U/mL in insulin-naïve people with type 2 diabetes with/without prior use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist therapy.

Aims: To evaluate treatment advancement with insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300), with or without prior glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) therapy in type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: Efficacy and safety outcomes of insulin-naïve patients intensifying with Gla-300, with/without prior GLP-1 RA therapy, were evaluated in three analyses (N = 3562): a pooled analysis of seven interventional studies, a subanalysis comparing participants who stopped GLP-1 RA therapy and initiated Gla-300 with those who received add-on Gla-300, and an expanded analysis including two observational studies.

Results: Glycaemic outcomes, including HbA1c improvement and fasting plasma glucose, were similar between groups with/without prior GLP-1 RA use.

Ablation of the Integrin CD11b Mac-1 Limits Deleterious Responses to Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury and Improves Functional Recovery in Mice.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers microglial/monocytes activation with distinct pro-inflammatory or inflammation-resolving phenotypes, which potentiate tissue damage or facilitate functional repair, respectively. The major integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18), a heterodimer consisting of CD11b and CD18 chains, is expressed in multiple immune cells of the myeloid lineage. Here, we examined the effects of CD11b gene ablation in neuroinflammation and functional outcomes after SCI.

Old age alters inflammation and autophagy signaling in the brain, leading to exacerbated neurological outcomes after spinal cord injury in male mice.

Older patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) have different features with regard to neurological characteristics after injury. Recent large-scale longitudinal population-based studies showed that individuals with SCI are at a higher risk of developing dementia than non-SCI patients, indicating that SCI is a potential risk factor for dementia. Aging is known to potentiate inflammation and neurodegeneration at the injured site leading to impaired recovery from SCI.