MR-guided focused ultrasound in pediatric neurosurgery: current insights, technical challenges, and lessons learned from 45 treatments at Children's National Hospital.

Objective: MR-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is an evolving technology with numerous present and potential applications in pediatric neurosurgery. The aim of this study was to describe the use of MRgFUS, technical challenges, complications, and lessons learned at a single children's hospital.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of a prospectively collected database of all pediatric patients undergoing investigational use of MRgFUS for treatment of various neurosurgical pathologies at Children's National Hospital.

Solutions and insights for agricultural monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) from three consecutive issuances of soil carbon credits.

Regenerative agricultural practice adoption on conventionally managed fields has gained momentum as a climate mitigation strategy, given the ability of these practices to sequester carbon or reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, the geospatial and temporal variability of the impact of specific practices, such as cover cropping or no-till, pose challenges for scalable quantification of emissions reduction and deploying incentives to drive increased adoption. To quantify impact while accounting for variability and uncertainty at scale, Indigo Ag created a monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) pipeline to produce agricultural soil carbon credits produced at large scales (hundreds of thousands of hectares).

Cranial bone thickness and density anomalies quantified from CT images can identify chronic increased intracranial pressure.

Purpose: The diagnosis of chronic increased intracranial pressure (IIP)is often based on subjective evaluation or clinical metrics with low predictive value. We aimed to quantify cranial bone changes associated with pediatric IIP using CT images and to identify patients at risk.

Methods: We retrospectively quantified local cranial bone thickness and mineral density from the CT images of children with chronic IIP and compared their statistical differences to normative children without IIP adjusting for age, sex and image resolution.

Outcomes of surgical revascularization for pediatric moyamoya disease and syndrome.

Purpose: Moyamoya disease and syndrome represent rare entities characterized by progressive stenosis and/or occlusion of the intracranial blood vessels. We present our series of patients with moyamoya disease and syndrome stratified by underlying disease and analyze differences in presentation and outcome following surgical revascularization.

Methods: This was an Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved, retrospective review of all patients surgically revascularized by the senior author (SNM) while at Children's National Hospital in Washington, DC.