Neural evidence of functional compensation for fluid intelligence in healthy ageing.

Functional compensation is a common notion in the neuroscience of healthy ageing, whereby older adults are proposed to recruit additional brain activity to compensate for reduced cognitive function. However, whether this additional brain activity in older participants actually helps their cognitive performance remains debated. We examined brain activity and cognitive performance in a human lifespan sample ( = 223) while they performed a problem-solving task (based on Cattell's test of fluid intelligence) during functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Incidence of cervical spine injury in victims of dismounted blast: a systematic review.

Introduction: Dismounted blast has the potential to cause life-threatening injuries to multiple simultaneous casualties, including injury to the cervical spine (c-spine). Spinal immobilisation can be costly in terms of time and personnel required to apply and sustain it. C-spine 'clearing' tools frequently do not apply to the blast-injured casualty, so clinical judgement must be used to determine those requiring c-spine immobilisation.

Lumipulse-Measured Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Alzheimer Disease.

Background And Objectives: CSF biomarkers of Aβ42 and phosphorylated tau (p-tau181) are used clinically for the detection of Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology during life. CSF biomarker validation studies have largely used clinical diagnoses and/or amyloid PET imaging as the reference standard. The few existing CSF-to-autopsy studies have been restricted to late-stage AD.

Evaluating Models of the Ageing BOLD Response.

Neural activity cannot be directly observed using fMRI; rather it must be inferred from the hemodynamic responses that neural activity causes. Solving this inverse problem is made possible through the use of forward models, which generate predicted hemodynamic responses given hypothesised underlying neural activity. Commonly-used hemodynamic models were developed to explain data from healthy young participants; however, studies of ageing and dementia are increasingly shifting the focus toward elderly populations.