Viral Transcript and Tumor Immune Microenvironment-Based Transcriptomic Profiling of HPV-Associated Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Identifies Subtypes Associated with Prognosis.

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HPV-positive HNSCC) has distinct biological characteristics from HPV-negative HNSCC. Using an AI-based analytical platform on meta cohorts, we profiled expression patterns of viral transcripts and HPV viral genome integration, and classified the tumor microenvironment (TME). Unsupervised clustering analysis revealed five distinct and novel TME subtypes across patients (immune-enriched, highly immune and B-cell enriched, fibrotic, immune-desert, and immune-enriched luminal).

Immunotherapy Responsive Recurrent Post-Infectious Ataxia Associated With Recurrent Gene Variant.

Objectives: We detail a case of recurrent, postinfectious, cerebellar ataxia associated with a likely pathogenic previously documented gene variant in .

Methods: The patient was identified after her second hospitalization for postinfectious cerebellar ataxia. Genetic testing was performed after discharge.

Differential impact of TIM-3 ligands on NK cell function.

Background: The transmembrane protein T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing molecule 3 (TIM-3) is an immune checkpoint receptor that is expressed by a variety of leukocyte subsets, particularly in the tumor microenvironment. An effective TIM-3-targeting therapy should account for multiple biological factors, including the disease setting, the specific cell types involved and their varying sensitivities to the four putative TIM-3 ligands (galectin-9, phosphatidylserine, high mobility group protein B1 and carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1), each of which engages a unique binding site on the receptor's variable immunoglobulin domain. The primary objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence and function of TIM-3 natural killer (NK) cells in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), determine whether the four TIM-3 ligands differentially affect TIM-3 NK cell functions, identify the most immunosuppressive ligand, and evaluate whether targeting ligand-mediated TIM-3 signaling enhances NK cell effector functions.

Safety and Tolerability of Home Infusions in Down Syndrome Regression Disorder.

Purpose: Down syndrome regression disorder (DSRD) is a rare neuropsychiatric condition affecting otherwise healthy individuals with Down syndrome. Multiple studies on DSRD have revealed that immunotherapy with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is both safe and effective, although site of infusion has never been studied. This study sought to evaluate the safety and tolerability of IVIg in individuals with DSRD receiving home-based infusions.