: Potential Drug Source for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is rising globally and this disease is proposed to be the next pandemic after COVID-19. Although the cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus is unknown, it is believed to involve a complex array of genetic defects that affect metabolic pathways which eventually lead to hyperglycaemia. This hyperglycaemia arises from an inability of the insulin-sensitive cells to sufficiently respond to the secreted insulin, which eventually results in the inadequate secretion of insulin from pancreatic β-cells.

An evaluation of community pharmacists' understanding of autism spectrum disorder: a cross-sectional study in Western Australia.

Objectives: To assess the knowledge and understanding of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by community pharmacists, across Western Australia (WA) and evaluate the extent to which they incorporate ASD friendly practices in their pharmacy.

Methods: A cross-sectional study involved a postal questionnaire sent to a stratified random sample of 250 community pharmacies across WA. A score of ≥10/13 (≥76.

Acyl lipidation of a peptide: effects on activity and epidermal permeability in vitro.

Short-chain lipid conjugates can increase permeability of a small peptide across human epidermis; however, the emerging lipoaminoacid (LAA) conjugation technique is costly and can deliver mixed synthetic products of varied biological potential. LAA conjugation using a racemic mixture produces a mixture of D- and L-stereoisomers. Individual enantiomers can be produced at an extra cost.

Screening for antidiabetic activities.

Screening extracts and drug entities for antidiabetic bioactivity is essentially limited to animal models as the processes leading to hyperglycemia and the complications of diabetes involve more than one organ. Further, in vitro results seldom translate into meaningful in vivo outcomes especially in a disease such as Diabetes Mellitus. In vivo studies on specialized animal models have allowed great progress in tailoring research questions towards individualized genetic and biochemical contributors and their effect on the pathogenesis of the disease processes.