Publications by authors named "R A Axton"

Article Synopsis
  • The Apelin receptor (APLNR) is important for the initial production of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from pluripotent stem cells, as shown by its expression in specific mesodermal cells during differentiation.
  • Deleting Aplnr from mouse embryonic stem cells impaired the generation of HSPCs, indicating that APLNR signaling is crucial for their formation.
  • However, while APLNR activation initially aids HSPC generation, it must be downregulated for the long-term maintenance of these stem cells, as excessive signaling promotes myeloid differentiation instead.
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Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) develop in distinct waves at various anatomical sites during embryonic development. The in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) recapitulates some of these processes; however, it has proven difficult to generate functional hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). To define the dynamics and heterogeneity of HSPCs that can be generated in vitro from hPSCs, we explored single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) in combination with single-cell protein expression analysis.

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We describe the production of a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line, SFCi55-ZsGr, that has been engineered to express the fluorescent reporter gene, ZsGreen, in a constitutive manner. The CAG-driven ZsGreen expression cassette was inserted into the locus and a high level of expression was observed in undifferentiated iPSCs and in cell lineages derived from all three germ layers including haematopoietic cells, hepatocytes and neurons. We demonstrate efficient production of terminally differentiated macrophages from the SFCi55-ZsGreen iPSC line and show that they are indistinguishable from those generated from their parental SFCi55 iPSC line in terms of gene expression, cell surface marker expression and phagocytic activity.

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Article Synopsis
  • The FANTOM5 project mapped transcription initiation events in human and mouse genomes with high precision using CAGE technology and single-molecule sequencing.
  • Over 3,000 diverse samples, including primary cells and tissues, were analyzed through a standardized process starting from RNA quality assessment to generating transcription initiation frequencies.
  • The analysis identified around 200,000 (human) and 150,000 (mouse) non-overlapping peaks, enabling the annotation of both known and novel promoters and providing insights into transcriptional regulation in different cellular states.
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Engineered nucleases have been used to generate knockout or reporter cell lines and a range of animal models for human disease. These new technologies also hold great promise for therapeutic genome editing. Current methods to evaluate the activity of these nucleases are time consuming, require extensive optimization and are hampered by readouts with low signals and high background.

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