Voriconazole-induced periostitis in a patient with HIV treated for coccidioidomycosis meningitis.

Voriconazole-induced periostitis is a rare adverse effect in patients on long-term therapy, characterised by periosteal inflammation and associated bony pain. The accompanying lab abnormalities (elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and fluoride) and characteristic imaging findings (uptake of radionuclide tracer on nuclear bone scan) are critical for diagnosis. The disease process is thought to be secondary to excess fluoride from voriconazole which stimulates bone formation and decreases osteoclast bone resorption.

Transcriptional programming of CD4 T differentiation in viral infection balances effector- and memory-associated gene expression.

After resolution of infection, T cells differentiate into long-lived memory cells that recirculate through secondary lymphoid organs or establish residence in tissues. In contrast to CD8 tissue-resident memory T cells (T), the developmental origins and transcriptional regulation of CD4 T remain largely undefined. Here, we investigated the phenotypic, functional, and transcriptional profiles of CD4 T in the small intestine (SI) responding to acute viral infection, revealing a shared gene expression program and chromatin accessibility profile with circulating T1 and the progressive acquisition of a mature T program.

Id3 expression identifies CD4 memory Th1 cells.

Memory CD4 T cells play a pivotal role in mediating long-term protective immunity, positioning them as an important target in vaccine development. However, multiple functionally distinct helper CD4 T-cell subsets can arise in response to a single invading pathogen, complicating the identification of rare populations of memory precursor cells during the effector phase of infection and memory CD4 T cells following pathogen clearance and the contraction phase of infection. Furthermore, current literature remains unclear regarding whether a single CD4 memory T-cell lineage gives rise to secondary CD4 T helper subsets or if there are unique memory precursor cells within each helper lineage.

Heterogenous Populations of Tissue-Resident CD8 T Cells Are Generated in Response to Infection and Malignancy.

Tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells (Trm) provide host protection through continuous surveillance of non-lymphoid tissues. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and genetic reporter mice, we identified discrete lineages of intestinal antigen-specific CD8 T cells, including a Blimp1Id3 tissue-resident effector cell population most prominent in the early phase of acute viral and bacterial infections and a molecularly distinct Blimp1Id3 tissue-resident memory population that subsequently accumulated at later infection time points. These Trm populations exhibited distinct cytokine production, secondary memory potential, and transcriptional programs including differential roles for transcriptional regulators Blimp1, T-bet, Id2, and Id3 in supporting and maintaining intestinal Trm.

Origins of CD4 circulating and tissue-resident memory T-cells.

In response to infection, naive CD4 T-cells proliferate and differentiate into several possible effector subsets, including conventional T helper effector cells (T 1, T 2, T 17), T regulatory cells (T ) and T follicular helper cells (T ). Once infection is cleared, a small population of long-lived memory cells remains that mediate immune defenses against reinfection. Memory T lymphocytes have classically been categorized into central memory cell (T ) and effector memory cell (T ) subsets, both of which circulate between blood, secondary lymphoid organs and in some cases non-lymphoid tissues.

Spirobifluorene Core-Based Novel Hole Transporting Materials for Red Phosphorescence OLEDs.

Two new hole transporting materials, named and , were designed and synthesized in significant yields using the well-known Buchwald Hartwig and Suzuki cross- coupling reactions. Both materials showed higher decomposition temperatures (over 450 °C) at 5% weight reduction and exhibited a higher glass transition temperature of 180 °C. Red phosphorescence-based OLED devices were fabricated to analyze the device performances compared to Spiro-NPB and NPB as reference hole transporting materials.

Novel hole transporting materials based on 4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)triphenylamine derivatives for OLEDs.

During the past few years, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been increasingly studied due to their emerging applicability. However, some of the properties of existing OLEDs could be improved, such as their overall efficiency and durability; these aspects have been addressed in the current study. A series of novel hole-transporting materials (HTMs) 3a-c based on 4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)triphenylamine conjugated with different carbazole or triphenylamine derivatives have been readily synthesized by Suzuki coupling reactions.

Toxoplasma gondii Inhibits gamma interferon (IFN-γ)- and IFN-β-induced host cell STAT1 transcriptional activity by increasing the association of STAT1 with DNA.

The gamma interferon (IFN-γ) response, mediated by the STAT1 transcription factor, is crucial for host defense against the intracellular pathogen Toxoplasma gondii, but prior infection with Toxoplasma can inhibit this response. Recently, it was reported that the Toxoplasma type II NTE strain prevents the recruitment of chromatin remodeling complexes containing Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG-1) to promoters of IFN-γ-induced secondary response genes such as Ciita and major histocompatibility complex class II genes in murine macrophages, thereby inhibiting their expression. We report here that a type I strain of Toxoplasma inhibits the expression of primary IFN-γ response genes such as IRF1 through a distinct mechanism not dependent on the activity of histone deacetylases.

Transcriptional analysis of murine macrophages infected with different Toxoplasma strains identifies novel regulation of host signaling pathways.

Most isolates of Toxoplasma from Europe and North America fall into one of three genetically distinct clonal lineages, the type I, II and III lineages. However, in South America these strains are rarely isolated and instead a great variety of other strains are found. T.

Synthesis of some green dopants for OLEDs based on arylamine 2,3-disubstituted bithiophene derivatives.

A series of green dopants based on 2,2-diphenylvinyl end-capped bithiophene and three different arylamine moieties (9-phenylcarbazole, triphenylamine, and N,N'-di-(p-tolyl)benzeneamine) were successfully synthesized by the Suzuki and Wittig coupling reactions. The photophysical properties of these compounds are reported. The strongest PL emitting compound with the 9-phenylcarbazole moiety has been used for fabricating an OLED device with good overall performance.

Non-cross-linked polystyrene-supported 2-imidazolidinone chiral auxiliary: synthesis and application in asymmetric alkylation reactions.

Asymmetric alkylation reactions using non-cross-linked polystyrene (NCPS)-supported 2-imidazolidinone chiral auxiliaries were successfully investigated with excellent diastereocontrol (>99% de). The recovery and the recycling of this soluble polymer-supported chiral auxiliary were achieved in order to produce highly optical pure carboxylic acids.

Tetra-butyl-ammonium N-benzoyl-6-nitro-1,3-benzothia-zol-2-aminide.

In the title salt, C(16)H(36)N(+)·C(14)H(8)N(3)O(3)S(-), the torsion angles within the cation reveal that one butyl group displays an anti conformation and the other three butyl groups show gauche conformations. The anion is almost planar, with a largest deviation of 0.166 (6) Å from the least-squares plane (r.