Mpox Prevention Self-Efficacy and Associated Factors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in China: Large Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Self-efficacy in mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) prevention plays a pivotal role in promoting preventive behaviors by fostering a sense of control and motivation, especially among men who have sex with men (MSM), the population most affected by mpox in many countries.

Objective: This study aims to assess the mpox prevention self-efficacy among MSM in China and identify factors influencing it, using a validated mpox prevention self-efficacy scale.

Methods: From October 2023 to March 2024, a nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted among MSM (aged ≥18 years) across 6 geographic regions in China using a snowball sampling method.