Substance use and mental health predictors of patterns of non-partner youth violence among high-risk urban youth.

Objective: This study examined the association between baseline substance use and mental health, and non-partner violence trajectories among youth presenting to an urban emergency department who screened positive for drug use. Non-partner violence is physically violent victimization or aggression involving someone other than a dating partner.

Methods: Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify longitudinal trajectories of non-partner violence in N = 599 youth (14-24 years old) at baseline, 6, 12, 18 and 24 month follow-ups.

Violent firearm-related conflicts among high-risk youth: An event-level and daily calendar analysis.

Firearm homicide is the leading cause of violence-related youth mortality. To inform prevention efforts, we analyzed event-level data to identify unique precursors to firearm conflicts. Youth (ages:14-24) seeking Emergency Department (ED) treatment for assault or for other reasons and reporting past 6-month drug use were enrolled in a 2-year longitudinal study.

A Latent Profile Analysis of Aggression and Victimization Across Relationship Types Among Veterans Who Use Substances.

Objective: This study examined patterns of violence victimization and aggression in both intimate partner and nonpartner relationships among U.S. military veterans using latent profile analysis to identify subtypes of violence involvement.

Marijuana use trajectories among drug-using youth presenting to an urban emergency department: Violence and social influences.

Aims: This paper examined longitudinal marijuana use trajectories among drug-using youth presenting to the ED to inform intervention development.

Methods: Given interest in substance use and violence, this study oversampled those presenting with assault injuries. Assault-injured youth (ages 14-24) endorsing past 6-month drug use (n=349), and a sex and age proportionally-sampled comparison group (n=250) endorsing drug use, completed a baseline assessment and follow-ups at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months.

Two-Year Trajectories of Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Drug-Using Adolescents and Emerging Adults in an Urban Community.

Among 14-24 year-olds who used drugs and were recruited from an emergency department, we examined 2-year trajectories of sexual risk behaviors. We hypothesized that those in higher risk trajectories would have more severe substance use, mental health concerns, and dating violence involvement at baseline. Analyses identified three behavioral trajectories.

Associations between PTSD and intimate partner and non-partner aggression among substance using veterans in specialty mental health.

Background: Risk factors of violence perpetration in veterans include substance use and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, it is unknown whether these factors are associated with greater risk for partner or non-partner violence. This study investigated the associations between probable PTSD, heavy drinking, marijuana use, cocaine use, and partner and non-partner violence perpetration.

Methods: Self-report questionnaires assessing past-year partner and non-partner aggression (CTS2) as well as past-month substance use (SAOM), probable PTSD (PCL-C), and probable depression (PHQ-9) were administered to 810 substance using veterans entering VA mental health treatment.

Substance Use as a Risk Factor for Sleep Problems Among Adolescents Presenting to the Emergency Department.

Objectives: To determine correlates of sleep problems among adolescents. Specifically, to assess the relative strength of associations between sleep problems and dating victimization, reasons for emergency department (ED) visit, depression, unhealthy alcohol use, and other drug use (marijuana, nonmedical use of prescription opioids, stimulants, and tranquilizers).

Methods: A total of 1852 adolescents aged 14 to 20 years presenting for care to the University of Michigan Emergency Department, Ann Arbor, Michigan, during 2011-2012, self-administered a computerized health survey.

Reasons for Fighting among Violent Female Adolescents: A Qualitative Investigation from an Urban, Midwestern Community.

This qualitative study examines the self-reported reasons for fighting among female adolescents (N = 72). Data are drawn from brief intervention sessions addressing violent behavior and alcohol use. Young women age 14 to 18 (Mean = 16) were recruited in an urban emergency department (58.

Substance Use Among Sexual Minority Collegiate Athletes: A National Study.

Background: The empirical research examining substance use among sexual minority collegiate athletes is sparse. Problematically, this group may be at a greater risk of substance use due to their marginalized status within the context of sport.

Objectives: We examined different types of substance use during the past 30 days, and diagnosis of substance use disorders during the past 12 months, among sexual minority collegiate athletes.

Diversion of ADHD Stimulants and Victimization Among Adolescents.

Objective: To examine whether a recent prescription for stimulant medication is associated with peer victimization among youth with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: Data from 4,965 adolescents attending five public schools who completed an annual web survey over 4 years were used to examine recent stimulant medication prescription and self-reported frequent victimization.

Results: Adolescents with ADHD and recent stimulant prescription reported more victimization than those without ADHD, but similar to adolescents with ADHD and no recent prescription.

Age and Cohort Patterns of Medical and Nonmedical Use of Controlled Medication Among Adolescents.

Objectives: We identified peak annual incidence rates for medical and nonmedical use of prescription opioid analgesics, stimulants, sedatives, and anxiolytics (controlled medication), and explored cohort effects on age of initiation.

Methods: Data were gathered retrospectively between 2009 and 2012 from Detroit area students (n = 5185). Modal age at the last assessment was 17 years.

Physical dating violence among adolescents and young adults with alcohol misuse.

Background: This study determined prevalence and correlates of physical dating violence (victimization or aggression) among male and female youth with alcohol misuse and seeking emergency department (ED) care.

Methods: Patients age 14-20 seeking care at a single large university-based ED completed a computerized, self-administered, cross-sectional survey. Measures included demographics, alcohol and substance use, mental health problems, health service use, peer influences, parent support, and community involvement.

Opioid use among interscholastic sports participants: an exploratory study from a sample of college students.

Purpose: Involvement in sports increases the risk for injury and the risk for prescription opioid use and misuse. This was an exploratory retrospective study to examine if previous involvement in interscholastic sports was associated with a greater lifetime prevalence of medical prescription opioid use, lifetime risk for diverting prescribed opioids, and lifetime risk for nonmedical prescription opioid use.

Method: A Web-based survey was self-administered to a sample of 4,187 full-time undergraduate students at a large public university located in the Midwest.

Substance use and violence among youth: a daily calendar analysis.

Background: While researchers have identified factors that contribute to youth violence, less is known about the details of violent incidents. In addition, substance use has been linked to youth violence; however, little is known about actual substance use on days in which violence occurs.

Objective: This study examined reasons for peer violence and the association between substance use and violence using daily calendar-based analyses among at-risk urban youth.

A prospective study of adolescents' nonmedical use of anxiolytic and sleep medication.

The purpose of this longitudinal study (N = 2,745) was to determine whether adolescents' recent medical use of anxiolytic or sleep medication was associated with increased incidence of using someone else's prescription for these classes of medication (nonmedical use). Data were collected from adolescents attending 5 Detroit area secondary schools between December and April in 3 consecutive academic years between 2009 and 2012. Respondents were assigned to the following 3 mutually exclusive groups for the analyses: (1) never prescribed anxiolytic or sleep medication (in their lifetime); (2) prescribed anxiolytic or sleep medication in their lifetime, but not during the study period; or (3) prescribed anxiolytic or sleep medication during the study period.

Technology-Delivered Dating Aggression: Risk and Promotive Factors and Patterns of Associations Across Violence Types Among High-Risk Youth.

Increasingly, technology (text, e-mail, and social media) is being used in dating relationships to stalk, control, threaten, and harass dating partners. This study examines risk and promotive factors associated with technology-delivered dating aggression (TDA) and relations between types of violence (physical dating/nondating, community violence, and TDA). Participants (14-20 years old) self-administered a computerized survey as part of a larger study at an urban emergency department.

Distal and proximal factors associated with aggression towards partners and non-partners among patients in substance abuse treatment.

Studies of violence in substance use disorder (SUD) treatment settings typically focus on partner aggression (PA) although non-partner aggression (NPA) is also a common problem. This study examines potentially distinct paths of distal and proximal risk factors related to aggression towards non-partners (NPA) and partners (PA) among a SUD treatment sample. The sample included 176 adults reporting past-year violence.

Dating violence among male and female youth seeking emergency department care.

Study Objective: We determine prevalence and correlates of dating violence, dating victimization, and dating aggression among male and female patients aged 14 to 20 years seeking emergency department (ED) care.

Methods: This was a systematic sampling of subjects aged 14 to 20 years seeking care at a single large academic ED between September 2010 and March 2013. Participants completed a computerized, self-administered, cross-sectional survey of demographics, dating violence from physical abuse measures of the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory, associated behaviors, and ED health service use.

Painfully obvious: a longitudinal examination of medical use and misuse of opioid medication among adolescent sports participants.

Purpose: The objective of this longitudinal study was to assess the prevalence of medical use, medical misuse, and non-medical use of opioid medication among adolescents who participate in organized sports.

Methods: Data for this study were taken from the Secondary Student Life Survey. A total of 1,540 adolescents participated in three waves of data collection occurring between the 2009-2010 and 2011-2012 school years, with 82% of the baseline sample completing all three waves.

Event-level analysis of antecedents for youth violence: comparison of dating violence with non-dating violence.

Background: Dating violence (DV) has emerged as a major concern among youth with links to substance use, injuries, and death. The emergency department (ED) provides an opportunity for violence screening and prevention interventions. Additional data are needed regarding antecedents of DV versus non-dating violence (NDV; e.

Does neighborhood belonging matter? Examining school and neighborhood belonging as protective factors for Latino adolescents.

Across many investigations, school belonging has been linked to several positive outcomes among adolescents, including academic success and psychological well-being. Based on an ecological framework of child development, this study expands on existing research to explore factors that contribute to adolescents' sense of neighborhood as well as school belonging and investigates how belonging in both contexts is related to Latino adolescents' academic and psychological functioning. Participants consisted of 202 Latino adolescents residing in low-income, urban neighborhoods.

Correlates of depressive symptoms among at-risk youth presenting to the emergency department.

Objective: The study's objective was to identify correlates of depressive symptoms among at-risk youth in an urban emergency department (ED).

Method: A systematic sample of adolescents (ages 14-18) in the ED were recruited as part of a larger study. Participants reporting past-year alcohol use and peer aggression self-administered a survey assessing: demographics, depressive symptoms and risk/protective factors.

In response to community violence: coping strategies and involuntary stress responses among Latino adolescents.

Among poor, urban adolescents, high rates of community violence are a pressing public health concern. This study relies on a contextual framework of stress and coping to investigate how coping strategies and involuntary stress responses may both mediate and moderate the relation between exposure to community violence and psychological well-being. Our sample consists of 223 ninth grade Latino adolescents from poor, urban families.

A daily calendar analysis of substance use and dating violence among high risk urban youth.

Background: Dating violence (DV) among youth is an important public health problem. This study examined reasons for physical DV and the association between substance use and youth DV using daily calendar-based analyses among at-risk urban youth.

Methods: Patients (aged 14-24) presenting to an urban Emergency Department (ED) for a violent injury and a proportionally selected comparison sample of non-violently injured youth who screened positive for substance use in the past 6 months (n=599) were enrolled in this study.