Virulence, antimicrobial susceptibility and phylogenetic analysis of Cronobacter sakazakii isolates of food origins from Jordan.

Aims: The aim was to characterize a collection of Cronobacter sakazakii isolates collected from various origins in Jordan.

Methods And Results: The isolates were characterized using 16S rRNA sequencing, DNA microarray, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), O-serotyping, virulence gene identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing. The identities and phylogenetic relatedness revealed that C.

Occurrence, distribution and pattern analysis of methicillin resistant (MRSA) and methicillin sensitive (MSSA) Staphylococcus aureus on fomites in public facilities.

Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) is a human pathogen incriminated as a causative agent of hospital nosocomial infections as well as a wide range of diseases in communities. This study was conducted to assess the occurrence and distribution of MRSA and methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) on different fomites in public facilities in northern Jordan and to determine their antibiograms, toxin genes profiles, as well as identify their genetic relatedness. A total of 2600 swabs were collected from 14 fomite surfaces in a variety of public facilities including hospitals, universities, schools, transportation sites, and market places.

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and public fomites: a review.

genus is a Gram-positive coccus normally associated with skin and mucous membranes of warm-blooded animals. It is part of the commensal human microflora, or found in animals, or contaminating surfaces in the community and hospital settings. is the most pathogenic species belonging to this genus, as it possesses a collection of virulence factors that are expressed solely to evade the immune system.

A Secreted Factor Coordinates Environmental Quality with Bacillus Development.

Entry into sporulation is governed by the master regulator Spo0A. Spo0A accumulates in its active form, Spo0A-P, as cells enter stationary phase. Prior reports have shown that the acute induction of constitutively active Spo0A during exponential growth does not result in sporulation.

CodY Regulates SigD Levels and Activity by Binding to Three Sites in the fla/che Operon.

Unlabelled: Exponentially growing cultures of Bacillus subtilis (PY79) are composed primarily of nonmotile, chained cells. The alternative sigma factor, SigD, promotes the phenotypic switch from nonmotile, chained cells to unchained, motile cells. In the present work, we investigated the role of the GTP-sensing protein CodY in the regulation of SigD.

RelA inhibits Bacillus subtilis motility and chaining.

The nucleotide second messengers pppGpp and ppGpp [(p)ppGpp] are responsible for the global downregulation of transcription, translation, DNA replication, and growth rate that occurs during the stringent response. More recent studies suggest that (p)ppGpp is also an important effector in many nonstringent processes, including virulence, persister cell formation, and biofilm production. In Bacillus subtilis, (p)ppGpp production is primarily determined by the net activity of RelA, a bifunctional (p)ppGpp synthetase/hydrolase, and two monofunctional (p)ppGpp synthetases, YwaC and YjbM.