Frequency of comorbid diseases with high serum Vitamin B12 levels in patients attending King Salman Medical City (KSAMC), at Madinah.

Objectives: Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin or Cbl) plays a crucial role in normal human growth and development, as well as in neurological, cardiovascular, and immune systems. Previous studies reported association of high levels of cobalamin with solid cancers, hematological disorders, and liver diseases. Reporting the frequency of comorbid diseases with high serum Vitamin B12 level in patients attending KSAMC at Madinah.

Dietary Factors Influencing the Caries Status of Adults in Karachi, Pakistan: Initial Findings.

Objective: The objective was to identify the relationship between the dietary factors related to increases in the number of dental caries among an adult population group. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving adult patients and their accompanying person, aged 18 years and above (n = 1730) visiting the dental outpatient department (OPD) of a public sector tertiary healthcare institute in Karachi, Pakistan. A 39-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was administered to the patients, followed by a dental caries assessment using Radke’s WHO criteria.

Safety and Adequacy of Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Renal Biopsy in Children: A Single-Center Experience.

Background Ultrasound-guided percutaneous renal biopsy (PCRB) is a commonly used technique to obtain renal tissue for histopathological diagnosis in children and adolescents. The objectives of this study include determining the indications for renal biopsy, documenting the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided PCRB, and documenting its complications along with histopathological findings in children. Methodology The Ethical Review Committee approved this cross-sectional study.

Comparison of COVID-19 Inactivated Virus Vaccine Immunogenicity Between Healthy Individuals and Patients on Hemodialysis: A Single-Center Study From Pakistan.

Introduction This study compares the immune response after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) inactivated virus vaccine between healthy individuals (HI) and patients on hemodialysis (HD). Methods In this cross-sectional, comparative study, the presence or absence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-S antibody and IgG anti-S antibody titer was compared between HI, and patients on HD after two doses of COVID-19 vaccine. Results A total of 81 participants, 50 (61.

Effects of Metronidazole as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetics.

Treating periodontitis with metronidazole (MET) as an adjunct to scaling root planing (SRP) is suggested to have inconsistent effects on insulin resistance (IR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This paper will present the effects of MET, in addition to SRP, on the homeostatis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR). A three-arm clinical trial was conducted and analyses were performed on T2DM participants with periodontitis ( = 74) who completed follow-up visits at 3 and 6 months after the intervention.

Bone Marrow Findings in Renal Patients: A Single Renal Specialist Center Experience.

Objective This study evaluated the importance of bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy (BM) for the diagnosis of underlying hematological abnormalities in renal patients. Methods This cross-sectional study on BM was carried out between August 2010 and April 2019, in our specialist renal center for various unexplained hematological abnormalities in patients with renal diseases [chronic kidney disease (CKD), end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), patients with normal renal function but other nephrology and urology issues like stone disease and nephrotic syndrome]. Results Out of 176 reported BM examinations, 48 (27.

Microsecretory Adenocarcinoma: A Novel Salivary Gland Tumor Characterized by a Recurrent MEF2C-SS18 Fusion.

Salivary gland adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS) is a heterogenous group, likely containing distinct tumors not yet characterized. A growing number of low to intermediate-grade salivary carcinomas are now known to harbor tumor-specific gene fusions. On occasion, identifying a novel fusion allows for recognition of a new salivary tumor type, in addition to representing a potential diagnostic tool.

Reactive Blood Donor Notification; Their Responses And Perceptions: Experience From Southern Pakistan.

Background: Donor notification of reactive status is important to prevent the spread of disease. Response of reactive donors to seek confirmation and treatment is a direct reflection of their knowledge and attitudes towards transfusion transmittable infections.

Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted from August 2014 to July 2015 at the blood bank of a tertiary care hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.

The G-protein biased mu-opioid agonist, TRV130, produces reinforcing and antinociceptive effects that are comparable to oxycodone in rats.

Mu-opioid agonists (e.g., oxycodone) are highly effective therapeutics for pain.

Effects of nalfurafine on the reinforcing, thermal antinociceptive, and respiratory-depressant effects of oxycodone: modeling an abuse-deterrent opioid analgesic in rats.

Rationale: Strategies to reduce the misuse of mu opioid agonists are critically needed. Previous work has shown that kappa opioid agonists can diminish the abuse-related effects and augment the antinociceptive effects of mu agonists. However, use of traditional kappa agonists is limited by their dysphoric side effects.

Revisiting the topic of histochemically detectable copper in various liver diseases with special focus on venous outflow impairment.

We surveyed histochemically detectable copper in various liver diseases with emphasis on chronic biliary disease (CBD) and venous outflow impairment. Using rhodanine, we graded copper accumulation in 298 liver specimens: venous outflow impairment (n = 64), CBD (n = 123), Wilson disease (WD) (n = 12), chronic hepatitis C (n = 32), steatohepatitis (n = 28), sarcoidosis (n = 15), cholestatic hepatitis (n = 12), and acute large bile duct obstruction (n = 12). Copper was detected in 39% of specimens; all had chronic liver disease.

CD34-positive dendritic cells disappear from scars but are increased in pericicatricial tissue.

CD34-positive stromal cells (CD34SC) are distributed throughout the body, including the dermis. They are thought to play a role in maturation and proliferation of adjacent mesenchymal and epithelial stem cells and in immune responses. To investigate the role of such cells in wound healing after excision of cutaneous lesions, we examined the distribution and quantity of CD34SC in scars from the sites of removal of malignant skin tumors and from reconstructive surgery, as well as in samples of normal skin.

Immunoglobulin A pemphigus involving the perianal skin and oral mucosa: an unusual presentation.

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) pemphigus is a rare autoimmune blistering disease characterized by epidermal acantholysis and neutrophilic infiltrates, as well as intraepidermal IgA deposits. We report an unusual case of IgA pemphigus involving anal/ perianal skin and oral mucosa that demonstrated a successful response to dapsone treatment.

Solitary fibrous tumors of the skin: a clinicopathologic study of 10 cases and review of the literature.

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a relatively uncommon neoplasm that most commonly arises in the pleura. However, SFT is now known to affect various other anatomic sites as well, including rare examples in the skin, where the histologic features of this lesion may create diagnostic confusion with a variety of other spindle-cell tumors. In order to further the characterization of cutaneous SFT, all available cases of that entity were retrieved from the authors' institutional files.

Immunostaining for MART-1 in the interpretation of problematic intra-epidermal pigmented lesions.

The histopathologic distinction between pigmented actinic keratosis (PAK) and atypical junctional melanocytic proliferations (AJMP) is a common problem, and it is one with meaningful clinical significance. Previous publications have suggested that Melanocyte Antigen Related to T-cells-1 (MART-1)--a melanocytic marker related to host immune response--was not useful in making this interpretative separation. To revisit that assertion, the authors selected 68 specimens that concerned the diagnosis of PAK vs.

Molecular classification of breast carcinoma in situ.

Pleomorphic variant of invasive lobular carcinoma (PILC) is an aggressive variant of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). Its in situ counterpart, pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ (PLCIS) is a recently described entity. Morphologically it has the typical architectural pattern of LCIS, but the neoplastic cells resemble intermediate grade DCIS.

Pediatric chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis.

Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis (CNH) is a rare condition of the pinna affecting mainly adults. A pediatric case of this condition is presented in the current report, and the literature of pediatric CNH is reviewed.

Clinicopathologic analysis of solid papillary carcinoma of the breast and associated invasive carcinomas.

Solid papillary carcinomas (SPCs) are uncommon tumors composed of circumscribed large cellular nodules separated by bands of dense fibrosis. The aim of this study was to further elucidate the characteristics of SPC, the types and significance of invasive carcinomas associated with these tumors, and the long-term clinical outcome. Fifty-eight SPCs were analyzed (mean follow-up, 9.

E-cadherin status in breast cancer correlates with histologic type but does not correlate with established prognostic parameters.

Our objective was to assess the loss of E-cadherin (EC) as a diagnostic marker or a predictor of prognosis. We stained 276 breast carcinomas with monoclonal antibodies to EC (invasive lobular carcinomas [ILC] and variants, 59; invasive ductal carcinoma and ductal special types [IDC], 204; tubulolobular carcinoma [TLC], 4; and invasive carcinoma [IC], uncertain whether lobular or ductal type, 9). The results were as follows: EC+IDCs, 99.

Primary cutaneous mucinous carcinoma: presence of myoepithelial cells as a clue to the cutaneous origin.

Background: Primary cutaneous mucinous carcinoma (PCMC) is a rare malignancy with probable apocrine differentiation. It is important to differentiate it from metastatic mucinous carcinoma (MMC), especially from the breast. The histologic and immunohistochemical features overlap between PCMC and breast mucinous carcinomas.

Rosai Dorfman disease.

We report an unusual presentation of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML), also called Rosai Dorfman disease. The child presented with bilateral proptosis with massive cervical lymphadenopathy. The patient had fair response to steroid therapy but relapsed during the course of the disease.

The diagnostic utility of p63, CK5/6, CK 7, and CK 20 in distinguishing primary cutaneous adnexal neoplasms from metastatic carcinomas.

Background: Distinguishing primary cutaneous adnexal neoplasms (PCANs) from metastatic carcinomas (MCs) can be difficult. We study the utility of p63, CK 5/6, CK 7, and 20 expression in PCAN vs. MC.