Cardiovascular disease risk factors in Pakistani population with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study of selected family practitioner clinics in four provinces of Pakistan (CardiP Study).

Objective: To explore cardiovascular risk factors in people with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: The cross-sectional, prospective, multicentre, study was conducted from June 2014 till July 2015 at family practice clinics in 27 cities across Pakistan, and comprised individuals aged 30-50 years diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus within the preceding six months. Laboratory investigations were conducted at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, and Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi.

Diabetes Prevalence Survey of Pakistan (DPS-PAK): prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes using HbA1c: a population-based survey from Pakistan.

Objectives: We conducted a Pakistan-wide community-based survey on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes using glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) as the screening test. The aim was to estimate diabetes prevalence across different demographic groups as well as all regions of Pakistan.

Design, Settings And Participants: Multistaged stratified cluster sampling was used for the representative selection of people aged ≥20 years, residing in 378 sampled clusters of 16 randomly selected districts, in this cross-sectional study.

The immunophenotype of decidual macrophages in acute atherosis.

Problem: Acute atherosis is a uteroplacental arterial lesion that is associated with pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and preterm birth, the latter being the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the immunobiology of acute atherosis is poorly understood.

Method Of Study: Placental basal plate samples were collected from women who delivered with (n = 11) and without (n = 31) decidua basalis lesions of acute atherosis.

Childhood Assets and Cardiometabolic Health in Adolescence.

Background: Research shows that the development of cardiometabolic disease can begin early in life with risk factors accumulating over time, but less is known about protective pathways to positive health. In this study, we use prospective data to test whether childhood assets predict a greater likelihood of being in optimal cardiometabolic health by age 17.

Methods: Data are from 3074 participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (mean age = 17.

Developing a Community-Academic Partnership to Promote Mental Health Among Underserved Preadolescent Girls in Boston, Massachusetts.

Background: Strong Women Strong Girls (SWSG) supports positive mentoring relationships between college women and preadolescent girls in underserved communities. Harvard T.H.

Outcomes in omphalocele correlate with size of defect.

Background: Omphaloceles can be some of the more challenging cases managed by pediatric surgeons. Single center studies have not been meaningful in delineating outcomes due to the length of time required to accumulate a large enough series with historical changes in management negating the results. The purpose of this study was to evaluate factors impacting the morbidity and mortality of neonates with omphaloceles.

Wearable Hardware Design for the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT).

As the life expectancy of individuals increases with recent advancements in medicine and quality of living, it is important to monitor the health of patients and healthy individuals on a daily basis. This is not possible with the current health care system in North America, and thus there is a need for wireless devices that can be used from home. These devices are called biomedical wearables, and they have become popular in the last decade.

Eating behavior and body composition across childhood: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Although many cross-sectional studies reported that children with overweight or obesity show more food approaching and less food avoidant eating behaviors, there is a lack of replication in longitudinal studies. Therefore, the question remains whether healthcare professionals should target eating behaviors in childhood obesity interventions and prevention. We aimed to examine the longitudinal and possible bi-directional associations between eating behavior and body composition across childhood.

Preparation, formation mechanism, photocatalytic, cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity of sodium niobate nanocubes.

A hydrothermal method was employed to prepare the sodium niobate (NaNbO3) nanocubes. We executed time dependent experiments to illustrate the formation mechanism of sodium niobate nanocubes. It was observed that the morphology of NaNbO3 nanocubes was dependent on the reaction time and 12hr reaction time was found to be suitable.

Umbilical Artery Thrombosis with Associated Acute and Severe Fetal Growth Restriction and Transient Severe Protein S Deficiency: Report of a Case with Prenatal Ultrasound Diagnosis Allowing for Timely Intervention and Good Outcome.

Background: Thrombosis of one of the umbilical arteries can be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as stillbirth and severe intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).

Case: A 21-year-old gravida 1 patient, with a history of 3-vessel cord at 20 weeks, presented at 29 weeks with a single umbilical artery. The estimated fetal weight measurements at 26 weeks, 29 weeks, and 31 weeks were at the 27th percentile, the 26th percentile, and less than the 5th percentile, respectively.

The frequency and type of placental histologic lesions in term pregnancies with normal outcome.

Objective To determine the frequency and type of histopathologic lesions in placentas delivered by women with a normal pregnancy outcome. Methods This retrospective cohort study included placental samples from 944 women with a singleton gestation who delivered at term without obstetrical complications. Placental lesions were classified into the following four categories as defined by the Society for Pediatric Pathology and by our unit: (1) acute placental inflammation, (2) chronic placental inflammation, (3) maternal vascular malperfusion and (4) fetal vascular malperfusion.

Medial Sural Artery Perforator Flap for Head and Neck Reconstruction.

Aim: The aim is to study the assessment of feasibility of medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) free flap for head and neck reconstruction at our center.

Materials And Methods: Oral cancer patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, buccal mucosa, and floor of mouth cancer attending our center were reconstructed using MSAP flap after oncologic resection. Handheld 8 MHz Doppler was used to identify the perforator preoperatively.

Synthesis of Bis-indolylmethane sulfonohydrazides derivatives as potent α-Glucosidase inhibitors.

In search of better α-glucosidase inhibitors, a series of bis-indolylmethane sulfonohydrazides derivatives (1-14) were synthesized and evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory potential. All derivatives exhibited outstanding α-glucosidase inhibition with IC values ranging between 0.10 ± 0.

Effect of tobacco use on tooth loss among patients visiting the out-patient dental department of a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.

Objective: To determine the factors influencing tooth loss and to assess the strength of association between the factors and the loss.s.

Methods: The unmatched case-control study was conducted at the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, from March to April 2016, and comprised data of patients who visited the outpatient dental department.

Synthesis, α-amylase inhibitory potential and molecular docking study of indole derivatives.

In search of potent α-amylase inhibitor we have synthesized eighteen indole analogs (1-18), characterized by NMR and HR-EIMS and screened for α-amylase inhibitory activity. All analogs exhibited a variable degree of α-amylase inhibition with IC values ranging between 2.031 ± 0.

First aid facilities in the school settings: Are schools able to manage adequately?

Background And Objective: Children spend most of their time in schools and are vulnerable to injuries and mild ailments, hence requiring first-aid care. School teacher can provide immediate first-aid care in the absence of any health professional. This study assesses first-aid facilities within school premises and assessment of teachers on first aid training.

Design, synthesis, characterization and computational docking studies of novel sulfonamide derivatives.

This study reports three novel sulfonamide derivatives 4-Chloro-N-[(4-methylphenyl) sulphonyl]-N-propyl benzamide (), N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl benzene sulfonamide () and 4-methyl-N-(2-nitrophenyl) benzene sulfonamide (). The compounds were synthesised from starting material 4-methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride and their structure was studied through H-NMR and C-NMR spectra. Computational docking was performed to estimate their binding energy against bacterial -amino benzoic acid (PABA) receptor, the dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS).

Hypoglycemia Prevention by Algorithm Design During Intravenous Insulin Infusion.

Purpose Of Review: This review examines algorithm design features that may reduce risk for hypoglycemia while preserving glycemic control during intravenous insulin infusion. We focus principally upon algorithms in which the assignment of the insulin infusion rate (IR) depends upon maintenance rate of insulin infusion (MR) or a multiplier.

Recent Findings: Design features that may mitigate risk for hypoglycemia include use of a mid-protocol bolus feature and establishment of a low BG threshold for temporary interruption of infusion.

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PISTACIA KHINJUK SUPPORTED BY PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION.

Pistacia khinjuk is one of the fifteen known species of Pistacia belonging to Anacardiaceae family. Keeping in view the possible therapeutic utility of this genus and the lack of literature on this plant, this study involves phytochemical investigation of P. khinjuk and its antioxidant activity.

Management of nonparasitic splenic cysts in children.

Background: The management of nonparasitic splenic cysts in children is unclear. Options include observation, cystectomy, partial or total splenectomy and percutaneous aspiration with and without sclerotherapy. The aim of this study is to assess the outcomes of these interventions at a children's hospital.

Synthesis and Characterization of New Photoresponsive, Ortho and Para Oriented Azomethine Polymers.

Five new azomethine polymers having aliphatic-aromatic moieties were synthesized by polycondensation reaction of dialdehydes and diamines. The dialdehyde monomers differ only in the orientation of the aromatic ring (ortho or para) and were synthesized by condensation reaction between aromatic aldehyde and 1,6-dibromohexane. The molecular mass of the monomers was recorded through E.

Hypoglycemia Reduction Strategies in the ICU.

Purpose Of Review: We reviewed the strategies associated with hypoglycemia risk reduction among critically ill non-pregnant adult patients.

Recent Findings: Hypoglycemia in the ICU has been associated with increased mortality in a number of studies. Insulin dosing and glucose monitoring rules, response to impending hypoglycemia, use of computerization, and attention to modifiable factors extrinsic to insulin algorithms may affect the risk for hypoglycemia.

Cross Pinning Versus Lateral Pinning in the Management of Type III Supracondylar Humerus Fractures in Children.

Introduction: Closed reduction of supracondylar humerus fractures with K-wires has become the standard line of management with different opinions regarding the technique that is utilized.

Aim: To compare the functional and radiological outcomes of lateral and cross pinning technique in supracondylar fractures of humerus in children.

Materials And Methods: A prospective study with 57 cases of displaced fracture supracondylar humerus, treated by lateral (Group A n=28) and cross pinning (Group B n=29), was conducted between May 2013 and May 2015.