Efficacy and Safety of Prophylactic Agents in Prevention of Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled rials.

Objective: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of preventable childhood blindness in preterm infants with low birth weight. The efficacy and safety of prophylactic agents, including vitamin A, propranolol and lipids, in reducing ROP incidence remain unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness and safety of these agents in preventing ROP.

The Efficacy of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis in Infants Born to HBsAg-Positive Mothers: A Single Center Experience in Saudi Arabia.

Post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) with the hepatitis B vaccine (HBVac) in combination with HBV immunoglobulins (HBIG) significantly minimizes the odds of vertical transmission of HBV to newborn infants. In this retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate the compliance and efficacy of PEP in a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia. Infants were tested with HBV serological markers at 7 months of age to assess their PEP protection rate.

The therapeutic efficacy of neem (Azadirecta indica) leaf extract against coinfection with Chlamydophila psittaci and low pathogenic avian influenza virus H9N2 in broiler chickens.

Avian chlamydiosis is a serious avian infection that carries a significant zoonotic danger to the poultry industry. The respiratory co-infections caused by the low pathogenic avian influenza virus H9N2 (LPAIV H9N2) also cause significant financial losses in the poultry industry. The purpose of this study was to examine the pathogenicity of Chlamydophila psittaci, and LPAIV H9N2 individually and in combination in broiler chickens, as well as to determine whether or not aqueous neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract is effective against infections caused by these pathogens.

Prospective Study of Non-Contrast, Abbreviated MRI for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance in Patients with Suboptimal Hepatic Visualisation on Ultrasound.

Background: Biannual ultrasound (US) is recommended for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance in patients with cirrhosis. However, US has limited sensitivity for early-stage HCC, particularly in overweight cohorts, where hepatic visualisation is often inadequate. Currently there are no robust imaging surveillance strategies in patients with inadequate US visualisation.

The influence of dietary supplementation with fermented agro-industrial residue of faba bean on Japanese quail performance, immunity, gut microbiota, blood chemistry, and antioxidant status.

Antibiotic overuse in poultry feeds has disastrous implications; consequently, long-term alternatives must be developed. As a result, the current study aims to assess the impact of Aspergillus niger filtrate (ANF) high in organic acids grown on agro-industrial residue of faba bean (AIRFB) on quail diet, as well as their influence on bird productivity, digestion, carcass yield, blood chemistry, and intestinal microbiota. A total of 240 Japanese quails (aged 7 d) were used in this study, divided equally among 5 experimental groups with 48 quails each.

Acquired Zinc Deficiency in Preterm Infant Post-Surgery for Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) on Prolonged Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN).

Zinc (Zn) is a vital trace element that plays a pivotal role in protein synthesis, cellular growth, and differentiation and is involved as a cofactor of metalloenzymes, performing a wide variety of metabolic, immune, and synthesis roles. Zn is required at all stages of an infant's and child's development, and severe Zn deficiency has been reported to lead to slower physical, cognitive, and sexual growth. Preterm neonates are at a higher risk of developing zinc deficiency for a variety of reasons, including low Zn intake from enteral feeds containing breast milk, relative malabsorption due to immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract with limited absorptive capacity, increased urinary loss of zinc, and increased demand during the early developmental stages.

Improving hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in the United Kingdom: challenges and solutions.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis remains dismal due to late-stage diagnosis; surveillance has been demonstrated to increase early diagnosis rates and receipt of curative treatment. Acknowledging limitations in the evidence base for HCC surveillance, international professional bodies reiterate the recommendation for biannual HCC surveillance and NHS England supports measures aimed to increase surveillance uptake. The current ad hoc provision of HCC surveillance is prone to failures, evident by low surveillance uptake and high numbers of patients being diagnosed outside of surveillance.

Ventilation practices in the neonatal intensive care units in Saudi Arabia, survey of the utilization of volume-targeted ventilation among practicing neonatologists.

Objective: To assess the current practice in using volume-targeted ventilation among neonatologists working at the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) of Saudi Arabia.

Methods: The questionnaire was provided electronically to 153 practicing Neonatologists working in 39 NICUs. The survey's results were received and statistically analyzed.

Juvenile Papillomatosis of the Breast: a Report of Two Cases with Review of the literature.

Background: Juvenile papillomatosis (JP) of the breast is a rare and benign proliferative disorder affecting young women. The affected patients tend to have an increased risk of breast cancer development during follow-up.

Objective: This article aims to highlight a rare entity of breast disease, that harbor risk of breast cancer.

Establishment of reference interval for hemoglobin A1C and other hemoglobin subfractions for healthy Saudi adults.

Background: The establishment of Reference Intervals (RIs) for Hemoglobin A1C and other hemoglobin subfractions (A1A, A1B, F, LA1C, A0) is of utmost importance in screening, diagnosing, and monitoring diabetes and other hemoglobin abnormalities through the application of high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. Because there are no locally established RIs for these parameters, it is essential to establish RIs specific to the Saudi population to accurately diagnose and monitor diabetic individuals and identify abnormal levels in hemoglobin subfractions.

Methods: As part of the IFCC global multicenter study of laboratory reference values, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Saudi Arabia.

Assessment of mental health and various strategies among Health Professions' (HP) students: A cross sectional study in King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences.

Background: The education environment of medical colleges is known to have a burdensome effect on the overall mental health of the students. This study aimed to investigate the immediate impact of the medical education environment on mental health and quality of life among Health Profession students and to identify various coping strategies used by students to mitigate the stress.

Materials And Methods: An online survey was conducted between April 1 and May 10, 2021, using a validated questionnaire based on DASS-42, employing a snowball sampling technique.

Digital Ischemia in an Extreme Preterm Infant Treated with Nitroglycerin Patch.

Ischemic limb lesions occasionally occur in neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units. Known risk factors include the placement of arterial catheters, arterial punctures to obtain blood samples, and the use of vasoactive/vasopressor medications for hypotension. Prolonged peripheral tissue ischemia may result in serious complications, and successful management depends on early detection, proper assessment, and the institution of appropriate intervention.

Noninvasive Neurally Adjusted Ventilation versus Nasal Continuous or Intermittent Positive Airway Pressure for Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The noninvasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NIV-NAVA) is a newly developed noninvasive ventilation technique with promising clinical and ventilatory outcomes for preterm infants. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether NIV-NAVA has better clinical and ventilatory outcomes than nasal continuous airway pressure (NCPAP) or noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPP) on premature infants. MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL were searched, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared NIV-NAVA with NCPAP or NIPP for preterm infants (gestational age: <37 weeks) were included.

Prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in Saudi infants and toddlers: A cross-sectional multicenter study.

Background: Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are common pediatric problems, but their prevalence in Saudi Arabia is unknown. We aimed to assess the prevalence of FGIDs and risk factors among children in six regions of Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional multicenter study enrolling children aged 0-48 months, attending pediatric clinics.

Incidence of Inborn Errors of Metabolism in Newborn Infants: Five Years' Single-Center Experience, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are inherited biochemical/metabolic disorders that are commonly present in the immediate neonatal period. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the incidence and distribution of IEMs in newborn infants delivered in our hospital and to evaluate its outcome. A total of 16 494 (99.

Epidemiology of cholangiocarcinoma.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) represents a heterogenous set of malignancies arising from the biliary tract. Classification of CCA subdivides tumours into intrahepatic (iCCA) and extrahepatic (eCCA), with eCCA further categorised as perihilar (pCCA) and distal (dCCA) lesions. Tumour subtypes show distinct epidemiological, genetic and clinical characteristics.

Jeddah Retinopathy of Prematurity (JED-ROP) Screening Algorithm.

The Jeddah retinopathy of prematurity (JED-ROP) algorithm, which is more specific to the population in Saudi Arabia, was established to decrease the number of infants screened without missing type 1 ROP cases. The data reviewed were birth weight (BW), gestational age (GA), weekly postnatal weight gain (PWG), and relevant perinatal risk factors. The sensitivities and specificities for detecting type 1 ROP were calculated.

Improving COVID-19 vaccine uptake: lessons from an academic institution in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Rejection, hesitancy and low uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine are major public health challenges in Saudi Arabia.

Aims: To address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and rejection at the King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS) using evidence-based strategies.

Methods: A questionnaire was administered electronically to participants at KSAU-HS to understand the reasons for vaccine hesitancy or rejection and develop an evidence-informed vaccination plan.

Impact of COVID-19 on 1-Year Survival Outcomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe disruption of healthcare services worldwide and interrupted patients' access to essential services. During the first lockdown, many healthcare services were shut to all but emergencies. In this study, we aimed to determine the immediate and long-term indirect impact of COVID-19 health services utilisation on hepatocellular cancer (HCC) outcomes.

A computational study of a stochastic fractal-fractional hepatitis B virus infection incorporating delayed immune reactions via the exponential decay.

Recently, researchers have become interested in modelling, monitoring, and treatment of hepatitis B virus infection. Understanding the various connections between pathogens, immune systems, and general liver function is crucial. In this study, we propose a higher-order stochastically modified delay differential model for the evolution of hepatitis B virus transmission involving defensive cells.

New numerical dynamics of the fractional monkeypox virus model transmission pertaining to nonsingular kernels.

Monkeypox (MPX) is a zoonotic illness that is analogous to smallpox. Monkeypox infections have moved across the forests of Central Africa, where they were first discovered, to other parts of the world. It is transmitted by the monkeypox virus, which is a member of the Poxviridae species and belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus.

Clinical characteristics and liver profiles of Dubin-Johnson syndrome in neonates: Multicenter retrospective study.

Objectives: Dubin-Johnson syndrome (DJS) is a rare benign autosomal recessive disorder characterized by cholestasis in neonates. The aim of the present study was to describe the clinical characteristics, hepatic profiles, histopathology, gene mutations, and treatment outcomes of neonatal DJS.

Material And Methods: A multicenter retrospective study was undertaken with patients who had DJS.

Evidence to Underpin Vitamin A Requirements and Upper Limits in Children Aged 0 to 48 Months: A Scoping Review.

Vitamin A deficiency is a major health risk for infants and children in low- and middle-income countries. This scoping review identified, quantified, and mapped research for use in updating nutrient requirements and upper limits for vitamin A in children aged 0 to 48 months, using health-based or modelling-based approaches. Structured searches were run on Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central, from inception to 19 March 2021.