Open label vancomycin in primary sclerosing cholangitis-inflammatory bowel disease: improved colonic disease activity and associations with changes in host-microbiome-metabolomic signatures.

Background: We conducted a single-arm interventional study, to explore mucosal changes associated with clinical remission under oral vancomycin (OV) treatment, in primary sclerosing cholangitis associated inflammatory bowel disease (PSC-IBD); NCT05376228.

Method: Fifteen patients with PSC and active colitis (median faecal calprotectin 459µg/g; median total Mayo score 5) were treated with OV (125mg QID) for 4 weeks and followed-up for a further 4 weeks of treatment withdrawal (8 weeks, end-of-study). Colonic biopsies were obtained at baseline and week 4.

Technologies for detecting and monitoring drivers' states: A systematic review.

Driver fatigue or drowsiness detection techniques can significantly enhance road safety measures and reduce traffic accidents. These approaches used different sensor technologies to acquire the human physiological and behavioral characteristics to investigate the driver's vigilance state. Although the driver's vigilance detection technique has attracted significant interest recently, few studies have been conducted to review it systematically.

The Effect of Colesevelam on the Microbiome in Postoperative Crohn's Disease.

Background: While surgery plays a pivotal role in the management of ileal Crohn's disease, the risk of endoscopic recurrence following an ileocaecal resection can be greater than 65% within 12 months of surgery. More than 90% of patients with Crohn's disease have a concomitant diagnosis of bile acid diarrhea following an ileal resection. This pilot study aimed to assess whether the use of bile acid sequestrants in patients with Crohn's disease who have undergone a primary terminal ileal resection with concomitant bile acid diarrhea can alter the microbiome and prevent disease recurrence.

A Fleshy Mystery: Prurigo Nodularis.

Prurigo nodularis is a chronic dermatologic condition typically presenting as firm, dome-shaped pruritic nodules of various sizes that are often symmetrically distributed on extensor surfaces of the extremities. The diagnosis is clinical and based on a history of chronic, severe pruritis in the setting of characteristic, excoriated lesions. Treatment is difficult and aimed at reducing skin irritation and pruritus.

Fecal microbiota and volatile metabolome pattern alterations precede late-onset meningitis in preterm neonates.

Objective: The fecal microbiota and metabolome are hypothesized to be altered before late-onset neonatal meningitis (LOM), in analogy to late-onset sepsis (LOS). The present study aimed to identify fecal microbiota composition and volatile metabolomics preceding LOM.

Methods: Cases and gestational age-matched controls were selected from a prospective, longitudinal preterm cohort study (born <30 weeks' gestation) at nine neonatal intensive care units.

Cortical signals analysis to recognize intralimb mobility using modified RNN and various EEG quantities.

Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are critical in interpreting sensorimotor activities for predicting body movements. However, their efficacy in identifying intralimb movements, such as the dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of the foot, remains suboptimal. This study aims to explore whether various EEG signal quantities can effectively recognize intralimb movements to facilitate the development of Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) devices for foot rehabilitation.

The use of faecal microbiota transplant as treatment for recurrent or refractory Clostridioides difficile infection and other potential indications: second edition of joint British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and Healthcare Infection Society (HIS) guidelines.

The first British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and Healthcare Infection Society (HIS)-endorsed faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) guidelines were published in 2018. Over the past 5 years, there has been considerable growth in the evidence base (including publication of outcomes from large national FMT registries), necessitating an updated critical review of the literature and a second edition of the BSG/HIS FMT guidelines. These have been produced in accordance with National Institute for Health and Care Excellence-accredited methodology, thus have particular relevance for UK-based clinicians, but are intended to be of pertinence internationally.

Sustainable degradation of synthetic plastics: A solution to rising environmental concerns.

Plastics have a significant role in various sectors of the global economy since they are widely utilized in agriculture, architecture, and construction, as well as health and consumer goods. They play a crucial role in several industries as they are utilized in the production of diverse things such as defense materials, sanitary wares, tiles, plastic bottles, artificial leather, and various other household goods. Plastics are utilized in the packaging of food items, medications, detergents, and cosmetics.

Oxygen saturation thresholds in managing sickle cell disease at US children's hospitals.

Background: Adequate oxygen saturation (SpO ) is crucial for managing sickle cell disease (SCD). Children with SCD are at increased risk for occult hypoxemia; therefore, understanding SpO threshold practices would help identify barriers to oxygen optimization in a population sensitive to oxyhemoglobin imbalances. We investigated SpO cutoff levels used in clinical algorithms for management of acute SCD events at children's hospitals across the United States, and determined their consistency with recommended national guidelines (SpO  > 95%).

Implementation of a psychomotor vigilance test to investigate the effects of driving fatigue on oil and gas truck drivers' performance.

Introduction: Driving fatigue has been shown to increase the risk of accidents and potentially fatal crashes. Fatigue is a serious risk that some drivers do not take seriously. Previous studies investigated the effects of driving fatigue in the Malaysian oil and gas transportation industry by employing survey questionnaires.

Experimental and computational approach on the development of a new Green corrosion inhibitor formulation for N80 steel in 20% formic acid.

Organic acids are employed as scale dissolvers in the oil & gas industry during production to stimulate oil recovery by pumping in the formations. Corrosion of metallic surfaces in organic acid solutions poses a significant issue in the oil and gas sector. In recent years, considering the stringent environmental regulations, there has been a growing research interest in environmentally safe inhibitors.

Establishing key performance indicators for inflammatory bowel disease in the UK.

Background And Aims: Healthcare quality improvement (QI) is the systematic process to continuously improve the quality of care and outcomes for patients. The landmark Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) UK National Audits provided a means to measure the variation in care, highlighting the need to define the standards of excellence in IBD care. Through a consensus approach, we aimed to establish key performance indicators (KPIs), providing reliable benchmarks for IBD care delivery in UK.

Environmentally Benign Water-Soluble Sodium L-2-(1-Imidazolyl) Alkanoic Acids as New Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in Artificial Seawater.

Three novel natural amino acid-derived sodium L-2-(1-imidazolyl) alkanoic acids (IZSs), namely, sodium 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-4-methylpentanoate (IZS-L), sodium 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3-phenylpropanoate (IZS-P), and sodium 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-4-(methylthio)butanoate (IZS-M), were investigated as corrosion inhibitors. The IZSs were synthesized following the green chemistry principles, and their structure was characterized using FTIR and NMR techniques. The corrosion study results reveal that a moderate concentration of IZSs (having low solution conductivity) showed potential corrosion inhibition for mild steel in artificial seawater.

A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Neurodynamic Sliding Technique and Self-Myofascial Release Technique for Reducing Hamstring Tightness in Healthy Individuals: A Prospective Study.

Background: Hamstring tightness is prevalent among college-going students aged 18-25 years, leading to an increased risk of recurrent injury, reduced athletic performance, post-exercise soreness, and decreased coordination. Myofascial release and neurodynamic sliding technique are two interventions used to alleviate this issue. Myofascial release is a concept that involves pain originating from the muscle and fascia.

Faecal Microbiota Transplantation [FMT] in the Treatment of Chronic Refractory Pouchitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the efficacy and safety of faecal microbiota transplantation [FMT] in the treatment of chronic pouchitis.

Methods: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using the following databases and clinical trial registers: Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews [CENTRAL], clinical trials.gov, ScienceDirect, and VHL [virtual health library].

Noise reduction strategies in metagenomic chromosome confirmation capture to link antibiotic resistance genes to microbial hosts.

The gut microbiota is a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). With current sequencing methods, it is difficult to assign ARGs to their microbial hosts, particularly if these ARGs are located on plasmids. Metagenomic chromosome conformation capture approaches (meta3C and Hi-C) have recently been developed to link bacterial genes to phylogenetic markers, thus potentially allowing the assignment of ARGs to their hosts on a microbiome-wide scale.

Empowering Hand Rehabilitation with AI-Powered Gesture Recognition: A Study of an sEMG-Based System.

Stroke is one of the most prevalent health issues that people face today, causing long-term complications such as paresis, hemiparesis, and aphasia. These conditions significantly impact a patient's physical abilities and cause financial and social hardships. In order to address these challenges, this paper presents a groundbreaking solution-a wearable rehabilitation glove.

Metal/metal oxide-carbohydrate polymers framework for industrial and biological applications: Current advancements and future directions.

Recently, the development and consumption of metal/metal oxide carbohydrate polymer nanocomposites (M/MOCPNs) are withdrawing significant attention because of their numerous salient features. Metal/metal oxide carbohydrate polymer nanocomposites are being used as environmentally friendly alternatives for traditional metal/metal oxide carbohydrate polymer nanocomposites exhibit variable properties that make them excellent prospects for a variety of biological and industrial uses. In metal/metal oxide carbohydrate polymer nanocomposites, carbohydrate polymers bind with metallic atoms and ions using coordination bonding in which heteroatoms of polar functional groups behave as adsorption centers.

Prevalence of Extraintestinal Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multisystem disease impacting various body systems including musculoskeletal, ocular, skin, hepatobiliary, pulmonary, cardiac, and haematological systems. The extraintestinal manifestations of IBD are frequent, common in both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), and impact the morbidity and mortality of patients.

Methods: The Embase, Embase classic, and PubMed databases were searched between January 1979 and December 2021.