Enhanced oxidation of Mn(II) and As(III) by aerobic granular sludge via ferrous citrate: Key roles of colloidal iron and extracellular superoxide radical.

Microbial manganese (Mn) oxidation plays a crucial role in shaping the fate of various elements, including arsenic (As). However, this process faces challenges in wastewater environments due to its inherent inefficiency and instability. In our initial research, a serendipitous discovery occurred: the addition of citrate to Fe(II)-containing wastewater stimulated the oxidation of Mn(II) by aerobic granular sludge (AGS).

Production of extracellular superoxide radical in microorganisms and its environmental implications: A review.

Extracellular superoxide radical (O) is ubiquitous in microbial environments and has significant implications for pollutant transformation. Microbial extracellular O can be produced through multiple pathways, including electron leakage from the respiratory electron transport chain (ETC), NADPH oxidation by the transmembrane NADPH oxidase (NOX), and extracellular reactions. Extracellular O significantly influences the geochemical processes of various substances, including toxic metals and refractory organic pollutants.

Bacterial metal(loid) resistance genes (MRGs) and their variation and application in environment: A review.

Toxic metal(loid)s are widespread and permanent in the biosphere, and bacteria have evolved a wide variety of metal(loid) resistance genes (MRGs) to resist the stress of excess metal(loid)s. Via active efflux, permeability barriers, extracellular/intracellular sequestration, enzymatic detoxification and reduction in metal(loid)s sensitivity of cellular targets, the key components of bacterial cells are protected from toxic metal(loid)s to maintain their normal physiological functions. Exploiting bacterial metal(loid) resistance mechanisms, MRGs have been applied in many environmental fields.

[One Case about Primary Mediastinal Primary Mediastinal Tumor with Mediastinal Sarcoma and Literature Review].

Primary mediastinal seminoma is a kind of germ cell malignancy outside the gonads, and it's rarer with sarcoma component. This disease which has no special clinical manifestations and imaging characteristics is difficult to identify with other mediastinal tumors and mediastinal type lung cancer. This paper reported a case of primary mediastinal seminoma with mediastinal sarcoma.