Thermoresponsive lignin-based polyelectrolyte complexes for the preparation of spherical nanoparticles: Application in pesticide encapsulation.

Lignin-based nanoparticles hold tremendous potential for various applications. This study proposes an innovative and straightforward method for the synthesis of spherical hybrid lignin nanoparticles (hy-LNPs) with a tunable pore structure. The approach involves blending lignin with 20 wt% polyamide-epichlorohydrin, resulting in the formation of thermoresponsive lignin-based polyelectrolyte complexes.

Lignocellulose biodegradation to humic substances in cow manure-straw composting: Characterization of dissolved organic matter and microbial community succession.

Composting, a sustainable practice, facilitates the biodegradation of organic waste, notably lignocellulosic biomass, into value-added humic substances. Despite its potential, the application of electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS) to characterize dissolved organic matter (DOM) for assessing the changes in maturity during cow manure-straw composting is underexplored. Furthermore, the link between these changes, microbial community succession, and the biochemical pathways of humus formation is seldom investigated.

New insights into pathogenic performances during peroxydisulfate composting: sources, pathways, and influencing factors.

Livestock manure treatment technology and composting and its products have been widely used in agricultural soil. However, little was known about the variations in the fate of pathogens and the factors affecting their pathogenic ability during this process, which posed threats to ecological safety and public health globally. This study used a metagenomic approach to profile the behaviors of pathogens during peroxydisulfate composting.

Microbial necromass facilitated the humification process through amino sugar reactions during the co-composting of cow manure plus sawdust.

Humus (HS) reservoirs can embed microbial necromass (including cell wall components that are intact or with varying degrees of fragmentation) in small pores, raising widespread concerns about the potential for C/N interception and stability in composting systems. In this study, fresh cow manure and sawdust were used for microbial solid fermentation, and the significance of microbial residues in promoting humification was elucidated by measuring their physicochemical properties and analyzing their microbial informatics. These results showed that the stimulation of external carbon sources (NaHCO) led to an increase in the accumulation of bacterial necromass C/N from 6.

Preference and regulation mechanism mediated via mobile genetic elements for antibiotic and metal resistomes during composting amended with nano ZVI loaded on biochar.

This study assessed the effectiveness of nano zero-valent iron loaded on biochar (BC-nZVI) during swine manure composting. BC-nZVI significantly reduced the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), metal resistance genes (MRGs), and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). BC-nZVI modified the preference of MGEs to carry ARGs and MRGs, and the corrosion products of BC-nZVI could destroy cell structure, hinder electron transfer between cells, and weaken the association between ARGs, MRGs, and host bacteria.

Heavy metal tolerance and detoxification mechanism mediated by heavy metal resistance genes in compost habitat.

Heavy metal pollution from compost is one of the most concerned environmental problems, which poses a threat to the ecosystem and human health. This study aims to reveal the heavy metal tolerance and detoxification mechanism mediated by heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs) in compost habitat through metagenomics combined with chemical speciation analysis of heavy metals. The results showed that there were 37 HMRGs corresponding to 7 common heavy metal(loid)s in composting, and they had the ability to transform heavy metals into stable or low-toxic speciation by regulating enzyme transport, redox, methylation, etc.

Exogenous additive ferric sulfate regulates sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in cow manure composting to promote carbon fixation.

Enhancing carbon fixation in the composting process was of great significance in the era of massive generation of organic solid waste. In this study, the experimental results showed that the contents of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the experimental group (CT) were 37.58% higher than those in the control group (CK).

Modifying humus-phosphorus-arsenic interactions in sludge composting: The strengthening of phosphorus availability and arsenic efflux detoxification mechanisms.

Arsenic (As) in sewage sludge poses a significant threat to environmental and human health, which has attracted widespread attention. This study investigated the value of adding sodium percarbonate (SP) on phosphorus (P) availability and As efflux detoxification through HS-P-As interactions. Due to the unique structure of humus (HS) and the similar chemical properties of P and As, the conditions for HS-P-As interaction are provided.

Incorporating microbial inoculants to reduce nitrogen loss during sludge composting by suppressing denitrification and promoting ammonia assimilation.

To address the challenge of increasing nitrogen retention in compost, this study investigated the effects of microbial communities on denitrification and ammonia assimilation during sludge composting by inoculating microbial inoculants. The results showed that the retention rates of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and humic acid (HA) in MIs group (with microbial inoculants) were 4.94 % and 18.

Antibiotic resistance gene profiles and evolutions in composting regulated by reactive oxygen species generated via nano ZVI loaded on biochar.

In this study, nano zero-valent iron loaded on biochar (BC-nZVI) was analyzed for its effects on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in composting. The results showed that BC-nZVI increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the peak values of HO and OH were 22.95 % and 55.

Regulating sludge composting with percarbonate facilitated the methylation and detoxification of arsenic mediated via reactive oxygen species.

This study purposed to demonstrate the impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on arsenic detoxification mechanism in sludge composting with percarbonate. In this study, sodium percarbonate was used as an additive. Adding sodium percarbonate increased the content of HO and OH, which the experimental group (SPC) was higher than the control group (CK).

A potential heavy metals detoxification system in composting: Biotic and abiotic synergy mediated by shell powder.

Regulating heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs) was an effective method for heavy metal resistant bacteria (HMRB) to cope with heavy metal stress during dairy manure composting. This research aimed to investigate heavy metal detoxification mediated by shell powder (SP) in composting and the response of HMRB and HMRGs to changes in heavy metal bioavailability during composting. Research showed that SP additive reduced the bioavailability of Zu, Cu, and Mn by 10.

Transmission and regulation insights into antibiotic resistance genes in straw-sludge composting system amended with calcium peroxide.

This study developed a Fenton-like system by adding calcium peroxide (CaO) to a composting system containing straw and sludge. The objective was to examine the influence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the structure of the bacterial community. The findings indicated that the inclusion of CaO facilitated the reduction of ARGs.

Insights into antibiotic resistance gene abundances and regulatory mechanisms induced by ionic liquids during composting.

This study investigated the regulatory mechanism of the evolution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during the composting process with sawdust and cow manure as raw materials using ionic liquids (ILs) pretreatment. The results showed that genes of MLS, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, beta - lactam as composting gradually decreased. From day0 to day3, MLS in control group (CK) and experimental group (T) decreased by 25.

The fates of antibiotic resistance genes and their association with cell membrane permeability in response to peroxydisulfate during composting.

The aims of this study were to use metagenomics to reveal the fates of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during composting under the regulation of peroxydisulfate and clarify the relationship between ARGs and cell membrane permeability. Results showed that peroxydisulfate increased cell membrane permeability by effectively regulating the expression of outer membrane protein and lipopolysaccharide related genes. Besides, it reduced polysaccharides and proteins in extracellular polymer substances by 36% and 58%, respectively, making it easier for intracellular ARGs (i-ARGs) to reach the extracellular environment, among which the absolute intracellular abundance of mphK, Erm(31), and tet(44) decreased to 1.

Iron reduction in composting environment synergized with quinone redox cycling drives humification and free radical production from humic substances.

The aim of this paper was to investigate the influence of Fe (III) on humification and free radicals evolution. The experimental data showed that the experimental group (CT) with Fe(SO) had a better degree of humification than the control group (CK). The humic substances (HS) content was 10% higher in CT (23.

The removal performances and evaluation of heavy metals, antibiotics, and resistomes driven by peroxydisulfate amendment during composting.

This study aimed to explore the effect of peroxydisulfate on the removal of heavy metals, antibiotics, heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during composting. The results showed that peroxydisulfate achieved the passivation of Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu by promoting their speciation variations, thus reducing their bioavailability. And the residual antibiotics were better degraded by peroxydisulfate.

Competition and interaction between DNRA and denitrification in composting ecosystems: Insights from metagenomic analysis.

This study investigated denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) competition for nitrite in composting of sugarcane pith and cow manure. Metagenomic analysis showed that Actinobacteria was the main DNRA microorganism. During heating phase and thermophilic phase, the abundances of denitrification functional genes (nirK and nirS decreased by 40.

A novel carbon-nitrogen coupled metabolic pathway promotes the recyclability of nitrogen in composting habitats.

This study revealed a novel carbon-nitrogen coupled metabolic pathway. Results showed that the addition of inorganic carbon sources slowed down the decomposition of urea and conserved more nutrients in composting. Metagenomic analysis showed that the main bacteria involved in this new pathway were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes.

Maleic anhydride promotes humus formation via inducing functional enzymes response in composting.

The purpose of this paper was to explore the promotion of maleic anhydride on the polymerization of precursors into humus in composting, and analyze the changes of key functional enzymes. The results showed that the content of humus in the treatment group added maleic anhydride (MAH) was higher than that in the control check (CK). The decrease rate of humus precursor concentration of MAH was also higher than that of CK.

Performances of antibiotic resistance genes profile upon the action of biochar-activated peroxydisulfate in composting.

In this study, the amendment of biochar-activated peroxydisulfate during composting to remove antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) by direct (microbial community succession) and indirect methods (physicochemical factors) was analyzed. When implementing indirect methods, the synergistic effect of peroxydisulfate with biochar optimized the physicochemical habitat of compost, maintaining its moisture within a range of 62.95%-65.

Diversity of lignocellulolytic functional genes and heterogeneity of thermophilic microbes during different wastes composting.

The goal of this study was to investigate the heterogeneity of thermophilic microorganisms and their lignocellulose-degrading gene diversity during composting. In this study, bagasse pith/dairy manure (BAG) and sawdust/dairy manure (SAW) were used as experimental subjects. The pour plate method indicated that thermophilic bacteria and thermophilic actinobacteria were more culturable than thermophilic fungi.

Metagenomic insights into role of red mud in regulating fate of compost antibiotic resistance genes mediated by both direct and indirect ways.

In this study, the amendment of red mud (RM) in dairy manure composting on the fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) by both direct (bacteria community, mobile genetic elements and quorum sensing) and indirect ways (environmental factors and antibiotics) was analyzed. The results showed that RM reduced the total relative abundances of 10 ARGs and 4 mobile genetic elements (MGEs). And the relative abundances of total ARGs and MGEs decreased by 53.

Mechanism analysis of humification coupling metabolic pathways based on cow dung composting with ionic liquids.

This study focused on how adding ionic liquids (IL) affects composting humification. During the warming and thermophilic phases, addition of IL increased precursors content, and increased the polymerization of humus (HS) at later stages. Furthermore, the final HS and humic acid (HA) content of experimental groups (T) groups 129.

Quinone redox cycling drives lignocellulose depolymerization and degradation in composting environments based on metagenomics analysis.

In this study, the effect of Fe on the quinone redox cycling driving lignocellulosic degradation in composting systems was investigated. The results showed that the degradation rates of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin were higher in the experimental group (CT) with Fe(SO) addition than in the blank group (CK) (CT, 52.55 %, 45.