[Surface pretreatment for prolonged survival of cemented tibial prosthesis components: full- vs. surface-cementation technique].

Aseptic loosening of tibial components due to degradation of the interface between bone cement and metallic tibial shaft component is still a persistent problem, particularly for surface-cemented tibial components. The surface cementation technique has important clinical meaning in case of revision and for avoidance of stress shielding. This study was done to prove crack formation in the bone cement near the metallic surface when this is not coated.

Surface pretreatment for prolonged survival of cemented tibial prosthesis components: full- vs. surface-cementation technique.

Background: One of few persisting problems of cemented total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is aseptic loosening of tibial component due to degradation of the interface between bone cement and metallic tibial shaft component, particularly for surface cemented tibial components. Surface cementation technique has important clinical meaning in case of revision and for avoidance of stress shielding. Degradation of the interface between bone cement and bone may be a secondary effect due to excessive crack formation in bone cement starting at the opposite metallic surface.

Response to emotional stimuli in boys with conduct disorder.

Objective: Boys with conduct disorder are at risk of persistently showing antisocial behavior in adult life, particularly if they have an additional diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In the search for biological risk factors that predispose children to the development of antisocial personality disorder, research has provided substantial data suggesting that autonomic hyporesponsiveness indicates a greater likelihood of future antisocial behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine autonomic arousal in boys with conduct disorder, comorbid conduct disorder and ADHD, and ADHD only.

Autonomic responses in boys with externalizing disorders.

Objective: Autonomous hyporesponsiveness in children appears to be an indicator of a greater future likelihood of antisocial behavior. Since externalizing disorders are suggested to implicate a risk of antisocial behavior in later life, psychophysiological measurements were assessed commonly used in the realm of antisocial behavior.

Method: Arousal measures and electrodermal responses to orienting and startling stimuli were assessed in 8-13 year old boys diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD), the comorbid condition of ADHD+CD, and in controls.

Affect regulation in borderline personality disorder: experimental findings from psychophysiology and functional neuroimaging.

Background: Intense and rapidly changing mood states are a major feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD), which is thought to arise from affective vulnerability.

Objective: There have been only a few studies investigating affective processing in BPD, and particularly neither psychophysiological nor neurofunctional correlates of abnormal emotional processing have been identified so far.

Methods: Studies are reported using psychophysiological or functional neuroimaging methodology.

Psychophysiological responses in ADHD boys with and without conduct disorder: implications for adult antisocial behavior.

Objective: Several studies have demonstrated that the presence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood increases the risk of antisocial behavior developing in adulthood. However, because previous research did not consider comorbid conduct disorder (CD), the question of whether ADHD by itself or only the association of ADHD with CD implies a risk of adult antisocial behavior developing is still under discussion.

Method: Because several characteristics of psychophysiological response had been shown to be associated with future increased likelihood of adult antisocial behavior, autonomic arousal as well as electrodermal responses to orienting and aversive stimuli were assessed in 26 boys with ADHD+CD compared with 21 boys with ADHD alone and 21 controls.

Emotion in criminal offenders with psychopathy and borderline personality disorder.

Background: Criminal offenders with a diagnosis of psychopathy or borderline personality disorder (BPD) share an impulsive nature but tend to differ in their style of emotional response. This study aims to use multiple psychophysiologic measures to compare emotional responses to unpleasant and pleasant stimuli.

Methods: Twenty-five psychopaths as defined by the Hare Psychopathy Checklist and 18 subjects with BPD from 2 high-security forensic treatment facilities were included in the study along with 24 control subjects.