Mitigation of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors, along with the antibrowning and antimicrobial effects of cassia seed microbial fermentation solution.

Introduction: Cassia seeds, originating from the mature seeds of leguminous cassia species, possess pharmacological effects attributed to their rich composition of various active ingredients, notably anthraquinones. While current research predominantly focuses on pharmaceutical extractions, there has been limited progress in fermentation studies.

Methods: Our study aimed to enhance the content of active compounds such as anthraquinones, flavonoids, and polyphenols using microbial fermentation techniques.

Screening, cloning, immobilization and application prospects of a novel β-glucosidase from the soil metagenome.

The soil environment for straw return is a rich and valuable library containing many microorganisms and proteins. In this study, we aimed to screen a high-quality β-glucosidase (BGL) from the soil metagenomic library and to overcome the limitation of the low extraction rate of resveratrol in Polygonum cuspidatum. This includes the construction of a soil metagenomic library, screening of BGL, bioinformatics analysis, cloning, expression, immobilization, enzymatic property analysis, and application for the transformation of polydatin.

Corrigendum: Improvement of antioxidant activity and active ingredient of microbial fermentation.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.

NF-κB Activator 1 downregulation in macrophages activates STAT3 to promote adenoma-adenocarcinoma transition and immunosuppression in colorectal cancer.

Background: Adenoma-adenocarcinoma transition is a key feature of colorectal cancer (CRC) occurrence and is closely regulated by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and CD8 T cells. Here, we investigated the effect of the NF-κB activator 1 (Act1) downregulation of macrophages in the adenoma-adenocarcinoma transition.

Methods: This study used spontaneous adenoma-developing Apc, macrophage-specific Act1-knockdown (anti-Act1), and Apc; anti-Act1 (AA) mice.

Improvement of antioxidant activity and active ingredient of microbial fermentation.

This study used brewer's yeast to ferment and single-factor and orthogonal experiments were conducted to determine the optimal fermentation conditions. The antioxidant capacity of fermentation solution was also investigated by experiments, which showed that different concentrations of fermentation solution could effectively enhance the total antioxidant capacity of cells. The fermentation liquid was found to contain seven sugar compounds including glucose, galactose, rhamnose, arabinose, and xylose using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS), with the highest concentrations of glucose and galactose at 194.

Expression, characterization, and immobilization of a novel SGNH esterase Est882 and its potential for pyrethroid degradation.

The widely-used pyrethroid pesticides have attracted public attention because of their potentials to cause environmental pollution and toxic effects on non-target organisms. Esterase is a kind of hydrolytic enzyme that can catalyze the cleavage or formation of ester bonds. it plays a pivotal role in the decomposition of pyrethroids and esters containing industrial pollutants through the hydrolysis of ester bonds.

Effects of novel cellulase (Cel 906) and probiotic yeast fermentation on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of vine tea ().

Vine tea () is a plant resource with good nutritional and medicinal, and is widely consumed in China. This study aimed to develop a functional vine tea fermentation broth using microbial fermentation and cellulase degradation. First, the most suitable probiotics for vine tea fermentation were screened, and the fermentation conditions were optimized.

Slit2/Robo1 Mitigates DSS-induced Ulcerative Colitis by Activating Autophagy in Intestinal Stem Cell.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a recurrent intestinal inflammatory disease. Slit2, a secreted protein, interacts with its receptor Robo1 to regulate the differentiation of intestinal stem cells and participate in inflammation and tumor development. However, whether Slit2/Robo1involved in the pathogenesis of UC is not known.

Author Correction: Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) Subunit p110δ Is Essential for Trophoblast Cell Differentiation and Placental Development in Mouse.

A correction has been published and is appended to both the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.

The prevention effects of cryptotanshinone nanoemulsion on postoperative peritoneal adhesions.

The purpose of this study was to prepare a novel cryptotanshinone-loaded nanoemulsion (Cry LN) and to evaluate its prevention effect on the postoperative peritoneal adhesions (PPA). The Cry LN was prepared by high-pressure homogenization method, and various methods were used to investigate the physicochemical properties. The results showed that Cry LN has nanoscale particle size with uniform distribution and could slowly release the incorporated drug compared with Cry solution.

The metabonomics study of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) deficiency inhibiting the progression of atherosclerosis in LDLR mice.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a multi-factorial chronic disease commonly associated with the mechanisms of metabolism disorder, endothelial dysfunction and chronic inflammation. AS an inflammatory molecule, p-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) played an important role in the inflammatory process of atherogenesis involving the recruitment of leukocyte and transmitting signals to activate leukocyte during the adhesion process. So far, there has been little study regarding the effects of PSGL-1 on AS progression and the metabolic regulation.

Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) Subunit p110δ Is Essential for Trophoblast Cell Differentiation and Placental Development in Mouse.

Maternal PI3K p110δ has been implicated in smaller litter sizes in mice, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. The placenta is an indispensable chimeric organ that supports mammalian embryonic development. Using a mouse model of genetic inactivation of PI3K p110δ (p110δ(D910A/D910A)), we show that fetuses carried by p110δ(D910A/D910A) females were growth retarded and showed increased mortality in utero mainly during placentation.

Activation of Slit2-Robo1 signaling promotes liver fibrosis.

Background & Aims: The secretory protein Slit2 and its receptor Robo1 are believed to regulate cell growth and migration. Here, we aimed to determine whether Slit2-Robo1 signaling mediates the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis.

Methods: Serum levels of Slit2 in patients with liver fibrosis were determined by ELISA.

¹H NMR based serum metabolic profiles associated with pathological progression of pancreatic islet β cell tumor in Rip1-Tag2 mice.

Pancreatic islet β cell tumor is the most common islet cell tumor. A well-characterized tumor progression in Rip1-Tag2 mice undergoes five stages, involving normal, hyperplasia, angiogenic islets, tumorigenesis and invasive carcinoma. (1)H NMR based metabonomics was applied to identify potential biomarkers for monitoring pancreatic islet β cell tumor progression in Rip1-Tag2 mice.

Glipizide suppresses embryonic vasculogenesis and angiogenesis through targeting natriuretic peptide receptor A.

Glipizide, a second-generation sulfonylurea, has been widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, it is controversial whether or not glipizide would affect angiogenesis or vasculogenesis. In the present study, we used early chick embryo model to investigate the effect of glipizide on angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, which are the two major processes for embryonic vasculature formation as well as tumor neovascularization.

Slit2/Robo1 signaling promotes intestinal tumorigenesis through Src-mediated activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Slit2 is often overexpressed in cancers. Slit2 is a secreted protein that binds to Roundabout (Robo) receptors to regulate cell growth and migration. Here, we employed several complementary mouse models of intestinal cancers, including the Slit2 transgenic mice, the ApcMin/+ spontaneous intestinal adenoma mouse model, and the DMH/DSS-induced colorectal carcinoma model to clarify function of Slit2/Robo1 signaling in intestinal tumorigenesis.

Inactivation of PI3Kδ induces vascular injury and promotes aneurysm development by upregulating the AP-1/MMP-12 pathway in macrophages.

Objective: An aneurysm is an inflammatory vascular condition. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases δ is highly expressed in leukocytes, and play a key role in innate immunity. However, the link between phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases δ and aneurysm development has not yet been elucidated.

Andrographolide inhibits melanoma tumor growth by inactivating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

The TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway plays a critical role in tumor progression. Andrographolide (Andro) has been reported to have anticancer activity in multiple types of cancer. However, the pharmacological activities of Andro in melanoma are not completely understood.

Increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier and Alzheimer's disease-like alterations in slit-2 transgenic mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder that primarily affects memory, and its prevalence is rising. Increasing evidence suggests that dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) may be involved in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we report that the permeability of the BBB is increased and that AD-like alterations are present in Slit-2 overexpressing transgenic mice.

Inhibition of angiogenesis by a synthetic fusion protein VTF derived from vasostatin and tumstatin.

The inhibition of angiogenesis represents a potential strategy for antitumor therapy. A novel synthetic fusion protein VTF, composed of bioactive fragments from two different angiogenesis inhibitors, vasostatin and tumstatin with a (Gly-Ser-Gly)2 bridge, was generated using the pET-15b expression vector. The fusion protein VTF showed significantly enhanced efficacy in inhibiting human endothelial cell proliferation and tube formation and neovascularization on chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane.

Selection of CC chemokine receptor 5-binding peptide from a phage display peptide library.

Human CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 5 is a G protein-coupled receptor involved in a broad range of human diseases that mediates HIV-1 viral entry into cells. Certain small molecule receptor antagonists to CCR5 have been useful in therapy for these diseases. In this study, CCR5-expressing CHO cells (CHO/CCR5 cells) were used to select CCR5-binding peptides from a phage-displayed 12-mers peptide library.

[Expression of human tumstatin in Pichia pastoris and its bioactivity].

Human tumstatin(hTumstatin)cDNA was amplified from recombinant plasmid pET-3c-tum, cloned in frame with the signal sequence in yeast vector pPICZalphaA and transformed into Pichia pastoris GS115 by electroporation. The expression of hTumstatin in GS115(pPICZalpha-tum)was then induced by methanol and secreted into the culture medium, with a yield of 25mg/L as shown by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The expressed hTumstatin was purified to more than 85% purity using a simple one-step SP-Sepharose cation exchange chromatography.

Expression, purification, and bioactivity of human tumstatin from Escherichia coli.

Tumstatin is a M(r) 28,000 C-terminal NC1 fragment of type alpha3 (IV) collagen that inhibits pathological angiogenesis and suppresses proliferation of endothelial cells and growth of tumors. We report here high cytoplasmic expression of recombinant human tumstatin in Escherichia coli and its purification, in vitro refolding, and inhibitory activity analysis. Human tumstatin was expressed in the bacterial cytoplasm as an insoluble N-terminal polyhistidine tagged protein, which accounted for more than 30% of total bacterial protein in BL21 (DE3) cells.

[Expression and purification of the N-domain of human canstatin and its bioactivity].

Total RNA was extracted from placenta umbilical tissue. The canstatin cDNA was amplified from total RNA by net-RT-PCR technique and cloned into pSP72, and the resulted plasmid pSP72C was used as template to amplify its N-domain. The amplified 1-89 aa N-domain was then cloned into pET-3c.