Inflammation and immune response in the development of periodontal disease: a narrative review.

We present this critical review with the aim of highlighting the current status of periodontal diseases, focusing on the relevance of host modulating agents and immune pathways, in addition to new complementary therapeutic approaches for the treatment of these pathologies. Periodontal diseases are prevalent pathologies worldwide and the main cause of edentulism in the adult population. Their pathogenesis seems to be based on a dysbiosis of the oral microbiota that interacts with the host's immune defenses and is responsible for the inflammatory/immune response, which would be modified by a number of conditions such as individual susceptibility, environmental and sociodemographic factors, certain systemic pathologies and the individual's genetic condition, among others.

The influence of implant depth, abutment height and mucosal phenotype on peri‑implant bone levels: A 2-year clinical trial.

Objectives: To evaluate the bone changes around equicrestal and subcrestal implants, analyzing the effect of abutment height [short abutments (SA < 2 mm) and long abutments (LA > 2 mm)] and the three components of the peri‑implant soft-tissue phenotype.

Methods: Twenty-six patients received 71 implants that were placed according to supracrestal tissue height (STH) in an equicrestal (n = 17), shallow subcrestal ≈1 mm (n = 33), or deep subcrestal ≈2 mm (n = 21) position. After 3 months of healing, rehabilitation was completed using metal-ceramic crowns on multi-unit abutments of 1.

Perceived surgical difficulty of mandibular third molar extraction. A comparative cross-sectional study of dentists with postgraduate qualification in oral surgery and maxillofacial surgeons in a Spanish subpopulation.

Background: Mandibular third molar (MTM) extraction is one of the most frequently performed surgeries in the oral cavity. Establishing the level of surgical difficulty pre-operatively is an essential step to ensure correct treatment planning. In Spain, MTM extraction - especially in cases presenting greater difficulty - is normally performed by doctors specializing in oral and maxillofacial surgery, or by dentists with postgraduate qualifications in oral surgery.

How do the dimensions of peri-implant mucosa affect marginal bone loss in equicrestal and subcrestal position of implants? A 1-year clinical trial.

Introduction: There is evidence that the apico-coronal implant position and the mucosal phenotype can affect the extent of peri-implant bone loss. This clinical trial analyzes the bone remodeling and marginal bone loss that occur around conical-connection implants placed equicrestally and subcrestally, assessing the effect of the peri-implant soft-tissue phenotype.

Methods: Fifty-one patients received 56 implants of distinct diameters (3.

Treatment of Esthetic Complications with Peri-implant Soft Tissue: A Description of the "Apical Approach" Surgical Technique and Presentation of Two Clinical Cases.

Peri-implant soft tissue deformities are an increasingly common phenomenon in the esthetic zone. While the most widely studied esthetic complications are peri-implant soft tissue dehiscences, there are other esthetic concerns in routine clinical practice that require investigation and treatment. Thus, this report on two clinical cases describes a surgical approach using the apical access technique to treat peri-implant soft tissue discoloration and fenestration.

Factors Influencing the Accuracy of Guided Surgery: An In Vitro Trial.

To examine how the accuracy (linear and angular deviation) of implants placed using computer-guided surgery varies in relation to the type of surgical technique (fully guided, half-guided, vs freehand implant placement), bone density (type D1 to D4 bone), and type of support surface (tooth- vs mucosa-supported). A total of 32 mandible models were produced (16 partially edentulous and 16 edentulous) using acrylic resin, each calibrated to a different bone density (D1 to D4). Four implants planned using Mguide software were placed in each acrylic resin mandible.

Effectiveness of biomolecule-based bioactive surfaces, on os-seointegration of titanium dental implants: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies.

Titanium and alloy osseointegrated implants are used to replace missing teeth; however, some fail and are removed. Modifications of the implant surface with biologically active substances have been proposed. MEDLINE [via Pubmed], Embase and Web of Science were searched with the terms "titanium dental implants", "surface properties", "bioactive surface modifications", "biomolecules", "BMP", "antibacterial agent", "peptide", "collagen", "grown factor", "osseointegration", "bone apposition", "osteogenic", "osteogenesis", "new bone formation", "bone to implant contact", "bone regeneration" and " studies", until May 2022.

Histologic Outcomes of the Use of Different Biomaterials for Socket Regeneration in Fresh Extraction Sockets: A Split-Mouth Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose: To analyze the quality of bone regeneration in fresh sockets using four different materials at different time points.

Materials And Methods: A split-mouth randomized clinical trial was designed to evaluate the histologic and histomorphometric characteristics of 82 fresh sockets from 30 patients. One socket per patient healed spontaneously (control), and at least one fresh socket was grafted with a material chosen randomly from a sealed envelope: plateletrich growth factor (PRGF; n = 20 sites), PRGF + autologous bone (n = 9 sockets), autologous bone (n = 10 sites), or PRGF + demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA; n = 13).

Preliminary results of customized bone graft made by robocasting hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphates for oral surgery.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the mechanical characteristics and the clinical usefulness of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and hydroxyapatite (HA) bioblocks grafted in edentulous jaws of 12 patients.

Methods: The scaffolds were produced by robocasting ceramic inks containing 80%/20% β-TCP and HA, respectively, with an overall porosity of 60%, with a macropore size between 300 and 500 μm. The mechanical performance of cylindrical vs conical specimens was compared using a universal testing machine.

Analysis of the Importance of the Motion Used in the Resistance of Different Mechanical Instrumentation Systems in Endodontics: A Comparative Study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the cyclic fatigue strength of different reciprocating rotary systems depending on the movement used. Methods: Four study groups were analyzed (n = 30): (1) Reciproc®, (2) Reciproc Blue®, (3) Wave One Gold® and (4) Procodile®. Each group was divided into three subgroups according to the motion used: (A) Reflex Dynamic® (n = 10), (B) ReFlex Smart® (n = 10) and (C) conventional reciprocating motion (n = 10).

Double Lateral Sliding Bridge Flap versus Laterally Closed Tunnel for the Treatment of Single Recessions in the Mandibular Anterior Teeth: A Pseudorandomized Clinical Trial.

(1) Background: This study compared the clinical and esthetic results of the double lateral sliding bridge flap (DLSBF) and the laterally closed tunnel (LCT) techniques, with a subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG), for the treatment of single Miller class II-III recessions in the mandibular anterior teeth. (2) Methods: This pseudorandomized clinical trial evaluated 14 patients, 7 of whom were part of the DLSBF + SCTG group, with an average follow-up of 58.7 ± 24.

3D Master Toothguide Is Adequate to Subjective Shade Selection?

To study the validity and the degree of representability of the toothguide 3D Master, with 26 physically shade tabs, on the natural tooth colour on a sample of the Spanish population. Natural tooth colour was measured in a sample of 1361 Spanish participants of both genders distributed within an age range of 18 and 89 years of age. The colour coordinates were calculated and the frequency of the 26 physically shade tabs of the toothguide as well as the "intermediate shades" (without physical representation in toothguide) through the Easyshade Compact (Vita-Zahnfabrik) spectrophotometer using the 3D Master System nomenclature.

Maxillary reconstruction with subperiosteal implants in a cancer patient: A one-year follow-up.

Introduction: To describe a clinical case on cancer patient with ablative tumor surgery, from treatment planning, surgical resection and subsequent implantological rehabilitation.

Case Report: A 61-year-old male, diagnosed with a squamous cell carcinoma in the maxilla, requires the removal of the lesion and corresponding oral rehabilitation. However, two surgeries were necessary to rehabilitate the upper jaw.

Patient-Centered Treatment Outcomes with Full-Arch PEEK Rehabilitation Supported on Four Immediate or Conventionally Loaded Implants. A Randomized Clinical Trial.

This study aims to assess the treatment outcomes (functional and subjective) of full-arch fixed hybrid rehabilitations made of PEEK (poly-ether-ether-ketone) with milled crowns of nano-filled composite (NFC) supported on four to six implants. In this randomized clinical trial, 34 edentate patients in the upper and/or the lower jaws were treated with the fixed hybrid dentures. In 16 patients (47.

Functional and Patient-Centered Treatment Outcomes with Mandibular Overdentures Retained by Two Immediate or Conventionally Loaded Implants: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

This study aims to assess the treatment outcomes (functional and subjective) of mandibular overdentures retained on two implants with or without an immediate loading protocol. In this randomized clinical trial, twenty fully edentulous patients were treated with a mandibular two-implant-retained overdenture and a complete new maxillary denture. In half of the sample, the implants were loaded immediately by means of VulkanLoc abutments after emplacement of the implant, but in the counterparts, these VulkanLoc abutments were connected to implants two months after the surgery (conventional protocol), and until that time the dentures were retained by healing abutments.

Main 3D Manufacturing Techniques for Customized Bone Substitutes. A Systematic Review.

Clinicians should be aware of the main methods and materials to face the challenge of bone shortage by manufacturing customized grafts, in order to repair defects. This study aims to carry out a bibliographic review of the existing methods to manufacture customized bone scaffolds through 3D technology and to identify their current situation based on the published papers. A literature search was carried out using "3D scaffold", "bone regeneration", "robocasting" and "3D printing" as descriptors.

Influence of the type of reciprocating motion on the cyclic fatigue resistance of reciprocating files in a dynamic model.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the influence of two novel reciprocating movements on the cyclic fatigue resistance of endodontic reciprocating files.

Methods: 30 Procodile® (Komet Medical, Lemgo, Germany) files were selected in this study and distributed according to the following study groups depending on the movements to be performed: ReFlex Dynamic (n = 10), ReFlex Smart (n = 10) and Reciproc (n = 10) reciprocating movement. These files were fixed to a specific dynamic cyclic fatigue device designed and manufactured by 3D impression to simulate the pecking motion performed by the operator.

Technology at the service of surgery in a new technique of autotransplantation by guided surgery: a case report.

Background: The aim of this case report was to use a surgical technique for autotransplantation of tooth using virtually planned 3D printed surgical templates for guided osteotomy preparation of the recipient of donor tooth.

Case Presentation: An 18-year-old male patient received autotransplantation of the right mandibular third molar to replace an included right second molar. This procedure was based on guided implant surgery methods by superimposition of DICOM files and 3D data sets of the jaws.

Histological analysis of different local haemostatic agents used for periapical surgery: An experimental study with Sprague-Dawley rats.

The aim of the present study was to analyse differences in the tissue response to the different haemostatic agents used for periapical surgery (BloodSTOP iX (oxicellulose), Expazen (aluminum chloride), calcium sulphate (CS), Gelatamp (gelatin sponge) and Hemocor (ferric sulphate). Seventy-two bone defects were made on the calvarium of 36 Sprague-Dawley rats. The specimens were euthanised at 3, 6 and 12 weeks.