Biofilm modulation and demineralization reduction after treatment with a new toothpaste formulation containing fluoride, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate, and sodium trimetaphosphate: In situ study.

Objective: This in situ study aimed to evaluate a new toothpaste formulation containing fluoride (F), casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) on the process of dental demineralization and biofilm composition.

Methods: This crossover double-blind study consisted of five phases, in which 10 volunteers wore intraoral appliances containing four bovine enamel specimens. The cariogenic challenge was performed using 30 % sucrose solution.

Effect of the association of microparticles and nano-sized β-calcium glycerophosphate in conventional toothpaste on enamel remineralization: In situ study.

Objectives: This in situ study aimed to assess the remineralizing effect of a fluoride toothpaste supplemented with β-calcium glycerophosphate in both micro (β-CaGPm) and nano-sized forms (β-CaGPn).

Methods: This blind and cross-over study was performed in 4 phases, each spanning 3 days. Twelve volunteers utilized palatal appliances containing four bovine enamel blocks with artificial caries lesions.

Isolation, Molecular Identification and Antibacterial Potential of Marine Bacteria from Deep Atlantic Ocean of Morocco.

Background: Antibiotic resistance is an important concern for the public health authorities at global level. It is detrimental to human and environmental ecosystems, thus, there is a big need for natural bioactive compounds. In this work, we aimed to find out biomolecules derived from marine bacteria that may constitute an alternative to antibiotics.

Isolation and Identification of Dominant Bacteria from Raw Donkey Milk Produced in a Region of Morocco by QIIME 2 and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activity.

Recently, the interest in donkey milk has increased considerably because it proved high nutritive and functional values of their ingredients. Its chemical composition is widely studied, but its microbiota, especially lactic acid bacteria, remains less studied. This study focuses on analyzing, isolating, and identifying lactic acid bacteria and evaluating their capacity to produce biomolecules with antibacterial activity.

Phylogeography of the insular populations of common octopus, Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797, in the Atlantic Macaronesia.

Exploited, understudied populations of the common octopus, Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797, occur in the northeastern Atlantic (NEA) throughout Macaronesia, comprising the Azores, Madeira and Canaries, and also the Cabo Verde archipelago. This octopus species, found from the intertidal to shallow continental-shelf waters, is largely sedentary, and the subject of intense, frequently unregulated fishing effort. We infer connectivity among insular populations of this octopus.

Comparison of real-time PCR methods for quantification of European hake (Merluccius merluccius) in processed food samples.

The quantification of species in commercial products is limited by analytical shortcomings, as most of them provide semiquantitative results. An exception is real-time PCR, which can provide quantitative results using hybridization probes. In the present work, this technique has been applied to the absolute, absolute-relative and relative quantification of the most valued hake species in European markets, Merluccius merluccius (European Hake).

A Low Complexity System Based on Multiple Weighted Decision Trees for Indoor Localization.

Indoor position estimation has become an attractive research topic due to growing interest in location-aware services. Nevertheless, satisfying solutions have not been found with the considerations of both accuracy and system complexity. From the perspective of lightweight mobile devices, they are extremely important characteristics, because both the processor power and energy availability are limited.

Phylogeography of a Marine Insular Endemic in the Atlantic Macaronesia: The Azorean Barnacle, Megabalanus azoricus (Pilsbry, 1916).

The Azorean barnacle, Megabalanus azoricus (Pilsbry, 1916), is a Macaronesian endemic whose obscure taxonomy and the unknown relationships among forms inhabiting isolated Northern Atlantic oceanic islands is investigated by means of molecular analysis herein. Mitochondrial data from the 16S rRNA and COX1 genes support its current species status, tropical ancestry, and the taxonomic homogeneity throughout its distribution range. In contrast, at the intraspecific level and based on control region sequences, we detected an overall low level of genetic diversity and three divergent lineages.

Development of a multiplex PCR-ELISA method for the genetic authentication of Thunnus species and Katsuwonus pelamis in food products.

In the present work a PCR-ELISA technique for the authentication of Thunnus species was developed. This method is composed by four systems that can be used in a hierarchical way allowing the identification of several scombroids species; or each individual system independently. The hierarchical strategy, proposes a first step, to assign one sample to the Thunnus genus.

Modeling real-time PCR kinetics: Richards reparametrized equation for quantitative estimation of European hake (Merluccius merluccius).

Real-time PCR is the most sensitive method for detection and precise quantification of specific DNA sequences, but it is not usually applied as a quantitative method in seafood. In general, benchmark techniques, mainly cycle threshold (Ct), are the routine method for quantitative estimations, but they are not the most precise approaches for a standard assay. In the present work, amplification data from European hake (Merluccius merluccius) DNA samples were accurately modeled by three sigmoid reparametrized equations, where the lag phase parameter (λc) from the Richards equation with four parameters was demonstrated to be the perfect substitute for Ct for PCR quantification.

Identification of European Hake species (Merluccius merluccius) using real-time PCR.

A rapid and precise method for identifying European hake (Merluccius merluccius) based on TaqMan technology is presented. The method can be applied to fresh, frozen, and processed fish products to detect the fraudulent or unintentional mislabeling of this species. Specific primers and a minor groove binding (MGB) TaqMan probe were designed for this purpose based on partial sequences of the mitochondrial DNA control region.

Conservation of the S10-spc-alpha locus within otherwise highly plastic genomes provides phylogenetic insight into the genus Leptospira.

S10-spc-alpha is a 17.5 kb cluster of 32 genes encoding ribosomal proteins. This locus has an unusual composition and organization in Leptospira interrogans.

Birth and evolutionary history of a human minisatellite.

One of the most exciting challenges in human biology is the understanding of how our genome was constructed during evolution. Here we explore the evolutionary history of the low polymorphic human minisatellite MsH42 and its flanking sequences. We show that the evolutionary birth of MsH42 took place within an intron, early in primate lineage evolution, more than 40 MYA.

Identification of Hake species (Merluccius Genus) using sequencing and PCR-RFLP analysis of mitochondrial DNA control region sequences.

The use of DNA-based methodologies in identification of hake species belonging to the Merluccius genus was shown to be successful. A short fragment of the left hypervariable domain of the mitochondrial control region was amplified, sequenced, and digested from 11 hake species. The hake-specific PCR product, due to its limited size, was obtained in a variety of tissue samples with different levels of DNA concentration and degradation, including sterilized food products.

Identification of flatfish (Pleuronectiforme) species using DNA-based techniques.

Identification of flatfish species using a DNA-based methodology was studied. The polymerase chain reaction was employed to obtain a 464 bp amplicon from mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. The sequences from this fragment belonging to 24 species were analyzed using a genetic distance method, and polymorphic sites were determined.

Development of a DNA-based method aimed at identifying the fish species present in food products.

Analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) profiles of a 464 bp amplicon obtained from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene was used to differentiate between several different fish species. The method was tested by a collaborative study in which 12 European laboratories participated to ascertain whether the method was reproducible. Each laboratory was required to identify 10 unknown samples by comparison with RFLP profiles from authentic species.

Use of restriction fragment length polymorphism to distinguish between salmon species.

Identification of 10 salmon species using DNA-based methodology was investigated. Amplification of DNA was carried out using a primer set which amplified a region of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Sequences of PCR-amplified DNA from the salmon species were used to select six restriction enzymes allowing species to be uniquely classified.

Comparison of different methods to produce single-strand DNA for identification of canned tuna by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis.

By using single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of three amplicons of the cytochrome b gene obtained by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) it was possible to differentiate between various species of tunas and bonitos processed as canned fish. Four different techniques were used to produce single-strand DNA (ssDNA): (i) Denaturation of double-strand DNA (dsDNA) by formamide and alkali, (ii) two-step asymmetrical PCR, (iii) one-step asymmetrical PCR, and (iv) exonuclease digestion of the phosphorylated strand of dsDNA. The technique rendering optimal results depended on the type of amplicon (i.