Two new species of the sharpshooter genus Paratubana (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) from alpine fields of Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil.

Two new species of Paratubana Young, 1977 are described and illustrated from Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil, based on specimens collected in alpine fields (above 1,800 m) of the Serra dos rgos mountain range. Paratubana auromarginata sp. nov.

A new species of Erythrogonia Melichar, 1926 (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) from the Mantiqueira mountain range, southeastern Brazil, associated with olive orchards.

A new species of the diverse Neotropical sharpshooter genus Erythrogonia Melichar, 1926 is described and illustrated from the Mantiqueira mountain range, municipality of Maria da F, state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. The new taxon is associated with olive orchards and has been implicated as a vector of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al., 1987, which causes a disease known in Brazil as olive leaf scorch syndrome.

Two new species of Balacha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) from Brazil with comments on their phylogenetic position and biogeography.

The sharpshooter genus Balacha Melichar, 1926 has seven recognized species and is distributed in southern South America (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay). Here, two new Brazilian species of this genus are described and illustrated, one (B. ancora sp.

Portanini (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae): morphology of female terminalia, first record of host plants, a new species of Portanus from Brazil, and taxonomic notes.

Portanus adenomari sp. nov. from the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais, Paraná, and Maranhão is described and illustrated.

A new species of Cardioscarta (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) from the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil and key to species of the genus.

The South American genus Cardioscarta Melichar, 1932 includes seven species of colorful sharpshooters. Here we describe and illustrate an additional species, C. aurantia sp.

substrate-formed biofilms using IDODS mimic supragingival tooth-formed biofilms.

This study aimed to compare the bacterial viability and diversity of a substrate-formed biofilm (SF-biofilm) to a supragingival tooth-formed biofilm (TF-biofilm) in the same group of individuals. The impact of the device/disc position and toothbrushing during the formation of SF-biofilm was also assessed. Two tests were run.

Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils with and without Alcohol on Oral Biofilm: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Currently, there is little evidence on the antibacterial activity of essential oils (EO) without alcohol. This study aimed to evaluate the substantivity and antiplaque effect on the plaque-like biofilm (PL-biofilm) of two solutions, a traditional formulation that contains EO with alcohol (T-EO) and an alcohol-free formulation of EO (Af-EO). Eighteen healthy adults performed a single mouthwash of: T-EO, Af-EO, and sterile water (WATER) after wearing an individualized disk-holding splint for 2 days.

Comparing student and staff perceptions of the "Educational Climate" in Spanish Dental Schools using the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure.

Objective: To compare the perceptions of students and teachers of the "Educational Climate" (EC) in Spanish public dental schools.

Methods: A group of 1064 students and 354 teachers from six Spanish public dental schools responded to the DREEM questionnaire. This has 50 items grouped into five subscales: perception of learning (Learning); perception of teachers (Teachers); academic self-perceptions (Academic); perception of the atmosphere in the faculty (Atmosphere); and social self-perceptions (Social).

Devices for In situ Development of Non-disturbed Oral Biofilm. A Systematic Review.

Objective: The aim of this review was to assess the types of devices used for in situ development of oral biofilm analyzed microbiologically.

Materials And Methods: A systematic search of the literature was conducted to identify all in situ studies of oral biofilm which used an oral device; the Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE databases complemented with manual search were used. Specific devices used to microbiologically analyze oral biofilm in adults were included.

[Update in family medicine: Periodontal disease].

About 85-94% of the Spanish adults older than 35 experience gum problems, and about 15-30% suffer from periodontitis, being severe in up to 5-11% of them. Unlike other inflammatory conditions, periodontal disease rarely causes discomfort, or limits life or causes functional limitations until its advanced stages, when clinical signs and symptoms arise (gingival recession, pathological teeth migration, or mobility). Lack of knowledge about the disease, together with the idea that tooth loss is linked to ageing, frequently results in a late diagnosis, requiring extensive treatments with a worse prognosis.

Ex vivo vs. in vivo antibacterial activity of two antiseptics on oral biofilm.

Aim: To compare the immediate antibacterial effect of two application methods (passive immersion and active mouthwash) of two antiseptic solutions on the in situ oral biofilm.

Material And Methods: A randomized observer-masked crossover study was conducted. Fifteen healthy volunteers wore a specific intraoral device for 48 h to form a biofilm in three glass disks.

In situ neutralisation of the antibacterial effect of 0.2% Chlorhexidine on salivary microbiota: Quantification of substantivity.

Objective: To quantify the substantivity of a single 0.2% Chlorhexidine mouthwash in saliva after its neutralisation with tooth-brushing and 1% acetic acid, in order to identify the effect of Chlorhexidine substantivity in regard to the re-growing period of the salivary bacteria.

Methods: Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from a group of 15 healthy individuals at baseline (BS), and then 30s and 1, 3, 5 and 7h after the following protocols were performed: a single sterile water mouthwash (M-WATER) (negative control), a single 0.

The intraoral device of overlaid disk-holding splints as a new in situ oral biofilm model.

Objectives: To design a device that allows the formation of in situ oral biofilm with similar characteristics to those from the dental plaque, overcoming the limitations of previous devices.

Study Design: The Intraoral Device of Overlaid Disk-holding Splints (IDODS) was designed and manufactured. To test its validity, five healthy adult volunteers wore them for two and four days allowing the biofilm to grow without any type of distortion.

Antiplaque effect of essential oils and 0.2% chlorhexidine on an in situ model of oral biofilm growth: a randomised clinical trial.

Objective: To evaluate the in situ antiplaque effect after 4 days of using of 2 commercial antimicrobial agents in short term on undisturbed plaque-like biofilm.

Trial Design And Participants: An observer-masked, crossover randomised clinical trial on 15 oral and systemically healthy volunteers between 20-30 years who were randomly and sequentially allocated in the same group which performed 3 interventions in different randomised sequences.

Intervention: The participants wore an appliance in 3 different rinsing periods doing mouthwashes twice a day (1/0/1) with essential oils, 0.

Characteristics of in situ oral biofilm after 2 and 4 days of evolution.

Objective: To analyze the evolution of the thickness, bacterial vitality, covering grade, and the structure after 2 and 4 days of aging in "non-disturbed" plaque-like biofilm (PL-biofilm).

Method And Materials: Twenty healthy volunteers wore a specific appliance. After 2 days half of the samples were removed from the appliance.

Rediscovery and redescription of the sharpshooter Kogigonaliaincarnata (Germar, 1821), comb. n. (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Cicadellini) from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, with a key to the species of the genus.

The Brazilian sharpshooter Tettigoniaincarnata Germar, 1821 was treated as incertae sedis in the most comprehensive and recent monograph of the New World Cicadellini. We have been able to identify male and female specimens of Tettigoniaincarnata from northeastern and southeastern Brazil using high-resolution images of two syntypes deposited in the Museum für Naturkunde, Universität Humboldt, Berlin. Here we transfer Tettigoniaincarnata to the genus Kogigonalia Young, 1977 and provide a detailed redescription of this species, including information on intraspecific color variation.

A new genus and new bromelicolous species of Cicadellini (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from Southeastern Brazil.

A new genus, Cavichiana, is described for a new species of Cicadellini, C. bromelicola, from Southeastern Brazil (states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo). The new genus can be distinguished from other genera of the Cicadellini by the following combination of features: (1) head deltoid, strongly produced anteriorly; (2) ocelli located distinctly anterad of anterior eye angles; (3) aedeagus tubular, elongate, its apex with a conspicuous crown of spines; (4) paraphyses with both stalk and rami elongate, rami slender and each with basidorsal dentiform projection.

In situ antimicrobial activity on oral biofilm: essential oils vs. 0.2 % chlorhexidine.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the in situ antibacterial activity of a mouthwash containing essential oils (M-EO) on undisturbed de novo plaque-like biofilm (PL-biofilm) up to 7 h after its application.

Patients And Methods: An appliance was designed to hold six glass disks on the buccal sides of the lower teeth, allowing PL-biofilm growth. Fifteen healthy volunteers wore the appliance for 48 h and then performed a M-EO.

Chlorhexidine substantivity on salivary flora and plaque-like biofilm: an in situ model.

Objective: To evaluate the in situ antibacterial activity of a mouthrinse with 0.2% Chlorhexidine (M-0.2% CHX) on undisturbed de novo plaque-like biofilm (PL-biofilm) and on salivary flora up to 7 hours after its application.

Auditory processing and phonological awareness in children with normal and deviant speech development.

Background: Auditory processing (AP) and phonological awareness (PA) in children with and without phonological disorders.

Aim: To compare the performance of children with and without phonological disorders in a PA test; to verify the possible relationship between performances in distinct tasks of this test with the performance in the AP evaluation.

Method: Participants were 44 children with and without the diagnosis of phonological disorder, aged between 5:0 and 7:0 years, of both genders.

Evaluation of auditory processing and phonemic discrimination in children with normal and disordered phonological development.

Unlabelled: Auditory processing and phonemic discrimination are essential for communication.

Type Of Study: Retrospective.

Aim: To evaluate auditory processing and phonemic discrimination in children with normal and disordered phonological development.

Auditory processing, acoustic reflex and phonological expression.

Unlabelled: It is thought that a close relationship exists between auditory processing, the acoustic reflex and speech.

Aim: A retrospective study to evaluate these three aspects in children with and without phonological disorders and seek any relationship among them.

Material Methods: 46 children were enrolled: 24 had normal speech abilities and 22 had phonological disorders.

Auditory processing in children with normal and disordered speech.

Unlabelled: Phonological speech disorders are characterized by abnormal development towards the adult target pattern; its etiology is unknown. It is thought the this condition results from auditory processing disorders involving the abilities required for human beings to understand what is heard.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between auditory processing and the acquisition of disordered or normal speech, drawing comparisons between these profiles.

Expressive vocabulary and auditory processing in children with deviant speech acquisition.

Background: expressive vocabulary and auditory processing in children with phonological disorder.

Aim: to compare the performance of children with phonological disorder in a vocabulary test with the parameters indicated by the same test and to verify a possible relationship between this performance and auditory processing deficits.

Method: participants were 12 children diagnosed with phonological disorders, with ages ranging from 5 to 7 years, of both genders.