Trust in scientists and their role in society across 68 countries.

Science is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in scientists can help decision makers act on the basis of the best available evidence, especially during crises. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists.

Perceptions of science, science communication, and climate change attitudes in 68 countries - the TISP dataset.

Science is integral to society because it can inform individual, government, corporate, and civil society decision-making on issues such as public health, new technologies or climate change. Yet, public distrust and populist sentiment challenge the relationship between science and society. To help researchers analyse the science-society nexus across different geographical and cultural contexts, we undertook a cross-sectional population survey resulting in a dataset of 71,922 participants in 68 countries.

Investigating the Impact of Ashwagandha and Meditation on Stress Induced Obesogenic Eating Behaviours.

Obesity has been identified as a rapidly rising pandemic within the developed world, potentially increasing the risks of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Various studies have identified a positive association between stress, elevated cortisol levels and obesity. Mechanisms of the stress response lead to hyperpalatable food preference and increased appetite through the activation of the HPA axis, elevated cortisol and the resulting interactions with the dopaminergic system, neuropeptide Y, ghrelin, leptin and insulin.

Understanding the customer experience in human-computer interaction: a systematic literature review.

Background: In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in customer experience (CX) and its relation to the human-computer interaction (HCI) field. The CX is different depending on the domain in which it is studied, and therefore its dimensions may vary.

Methodology: This research presents an extensive review of 122 studies related to CX definitions and dimensions that have been proposed in different domains, including an analysis from an HCI perspective.

A Quick and Reproducible Silanization Method by Using Plasma Activation for Hydrophobicity-Based Kinesin Single Molecule Fluorescence-Microscopy Assays.

Single-molecule assays often require functionalized surfaces. One approach for microtubule assays renders surfaces hydrophobic and uses amphiphilic blocking agents. However, the optimal hydrophobicity is unclear, protocols take long, produce toxic waste, and are susceptible to failure.

Invasive Stages within Alien Species and Hutchinson's Duality: An Example Using Invasive Plants of the Family Fabaceae in Central Chile.

To understand the factors that limit invasive expansion in alien species, it is critical to predict potential zones of colonization. Climatic niche can be an important way to predict the potential distribution of alien species. This correlation between niche and geographic distribution is called Hutchinson's duality.

Long segment spinal reconstruction of C3-T1 utilizing single strut fibula free flap following debridement and corpectomy for chronic osteomyelitis.

Cervical vertebral osteomyelitis (CVO) is a complex destructive pathology that presents as a significant challenge to reconstructive surgeons. Advanced cases of CVO involving neurologic deficits, spinal column instability, or refractory infection require surgical intervention with bony debridement and decompression followed by spinal reconstruction, realignment, and stabilization. Reconstruction of the spine is typically performed through an anterior approach with or without posterior instrumentation.

Cancer Mortality Rates Increasing vs Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Decreasing in the World: Future Implications.

Objective: To highlight the current global trends in mortality for cardiovascular disease and cancer.

Methods: The World Health Organization and the World Bank DataBank databases were used to analyze mortality rates for cancer and cardiovascular disease by calculating age-standardized mortality rates (ASRs) from 2000 to 2015 for high-income, upper-middle-income, and lower-middle-income countries. Data for cancer mortality and population for 43 countries representing 5 of the 7 continents (except Australia and Antarctica) were analyzed.

Characterization of Neonatal Infections by Gram-Negative Bacilli and Associated Risk Factors, Havana, Cuba.

Infections represent an important problem in neonates because of the high mortality. An increase in neonatal infections has been found in Cuban hospitals in recent years. The aim of this study was to provide evidence on the clinical and microbiological behavior of Gram-negative bacilli that cause neonatal infections in hospitals of Havana, Cuba.

A review of the pharmacogenomics of buprenorphine for the treatment of opioid use disorder.

As the opioid epidemic continues to grow across the United States, the number of patients requiring treatment for opioid use disorder continues to climb. Although medication-assisted treatment presents a highly effective tool that can help address this epidemic, its use has been limited. Nonetheless, with easier dosing protocols (compared to the more complex dosing required of methadone due to its long and variable half-life) and fewer prescribing limitations (may be prescribed outside the setting of federally approved clinics), the increase in buprenorphine use in the United States has been dramatic in recent years.

Treating Opioid Use Disorder in Puerto Rico During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Providers' Leadership Efforts in Unprecedented Times.

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is an unprecedented medical and public health issue both in Puerto Rico (PR) and the greater US with an increase incidence of opioid use every year. Unprecedented and compounded emergencies in PR such as those caused by hurricanes, earthquakes, and the COVID-19 pandemic coupled with limited national and local governmental support, has forced most clinics in PR to take action to be able to continue providing care. This commentary summarizes the leadership and clinical initiatives of 3 community organizations in PR to maintain services for people with OUD during the COVID-19 pandemic.

High Prevalence of CTX-M Type Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Genes and Detection of NDM-1 Carbapenemase Gene in Extraintestinal Pathogenic in Cuba.

Increase of extraintestinal pathogenic (ExPEC) showing resistance to beta-lactams is a major public health concern. This study was conducted as a first molecular epidemiological study on ExPEC in Cuba, regarding prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemase genes. A total of 306 ExPEC isolates collected in medical institutions in 16 regions in Cuba (2014-2018) were analyzed for their genotypes and presence of genes encoding ESBL, carbapenemase, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants by PCR and sequencing.

A Rare Case of Cervical Charcot After Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Report.

Case: We present a rare case of cervical Charcot disease that was diagnosed in a paraplegic patient by loss of function caudal to the original level of spinal cord injury. Clinical imaging, diagnosis, differentials, and operative management are discussed.

Conclusions: Charcot disease of the cervical spine is rare and very difficult to diagnose in the paraplegic patient population.

The Impact of Technology on People with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Literature Review.

People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) tend to enjoy themselves and be engaged when interacting with computers, as these interactions occur in a safe and trustworthy environment. In this paper, we present a systematic literature review on the state of the research on the use of technology to teach people with ASD. We reviewed 94 studies that show how the use of technology in educational contexts helps people with ASD develop several skills, how these approaches consider aspects of user experience, usability and accessibility, and how game elements are used to enrich learning environments.

TherMouseDuino: An affordable Open-Source temperature control system for functional magnetic resonance imaging experimentation with mice.

Introduction: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is one of the most highly regarded techniques in the neuroimaging field. This technique is based on vascular responses to neuronal activation and is extensively used in clinical and animal research studies. In preclinical settings, fMRI is usually applied to anesthetized animals.

Efficacy and Safety of Omalizumab (Xolair) for Cholinergic Urticaria in Patients Unresponsive to a Double Dose of Antihistamines: A Randomized Mixed Double-Blind and Open-Label Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background: Cholinergic urticaria (UCOL) is a highly disabling inducible urticaria triggered by an increase in core body temperature.

Objective: To explore the safety and efficacy of omalizumab in controlling UCOL.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter randomized mixed double-blind and open-label (first 4 months blinded followed by 8 months open-label) placebo-controlled clinical trial in 22 patients suffering from UCOL who were unresponsive to a double dose of antihistamines.

A Tangible Educative 3D Printed Atlas of the Rat Brain.

In biology and neuroscience courses, brain anatomy is usually explained using Magnetic Resonance (MR) images or histological sections of different orientations. These can show the most important macroscopic areas in an animals' brain. However, this method is neither dynamic nor intuitive.

Open Source 3D Printed Lung Tumor Movement Simulator for Radiotherapy Quality Assurance.

In OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, cancer is one of the main causes of death, lung cancer being one of the most aggressive. There are several techniques for the treatment of lung cancer, among which radiotherapy is one of the most effective and least invasive for the patient. However, it has associated difficulties due to the moving target tumor.

Genetic characteristics of VanA-type vancomycin-resistant and in Cuba.

VanA-type vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolates from bloodstream infections in Cuba were genetically characterized. isolates were assigned to sequence type (ST) 28, closely related to Eastern Europe, while belonged to ST262, ST656 and ST1349, and showed different genetic profiles.

RATT: RFID Assisted Tracking Tile. Preliminary results.

Behavior is one of the most important aspects of animal life. This behavior depends on the link between animals, their nervous systems and their environment. In order to study the behavior of laboratory animals several tools are needed, but a tracking tool is essential to perform a thorough behavioral study.

Automatic positioning device for cutting three-dimensional tissue in living or fixed samples. Proof of concept.

The study and analysis of tissues has always been an important part of the subject in biology. For this reason, obtaining specimens of tissue has been vital to morphological and functionality research. Historically, the main tools used to obtain slices of tissue have been microtomes and vibratomes.

Heterogeneity in Allergy to Mollusks: A Clinical-Immunological Study in a Population From the North of Spain.

Background And Objective: Allergy to mollusks has been the focus of fewer studies than allergy to crustaceans. Furthermore, allergy to mollusks is less well characterized. Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics of mollusk-allergic patients, to identify the responsible allergens, and to assess cross-reactivity.

Simulation Using TeamSTEPPS to Promote Interprofessional Education and Collaborative Practice.

Effective interprofessional collaborative practice is critical to maximizing patient safety and providing quality patient care; incorporating these strategies into the curriculum is an important step toward implementation. This study assessed whether TeamSTEPPS training using simulation could improve student knowledge of TeamSTEPPS principles, self-efficacy toward interprofessional collaborative practice, and team performance. Students (N = 201) demonstrated significant improvement in all of the targeted measurements.

Insights into the removal of terbuthylazine from aqueous solution by several treatment methods.

This paper reports the removal of the s-triazine herbicide terbuthylazine (TBA) from aqueous solution by various treatment methods including adsorption onto activated carbon (AC) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), UV254 photolysis, UV254/H2O2, single ozonation, O3/H2O2, catalytic ozonation (AC, MWCNT and TiO2 as catalysts) and some solar driven processes such as TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation and photo-ozonation. TBA was adsorbed onto AC and MWCNT following a pseudo-second order kinetics and Freundlich isotherm. Rapid small scale column tests showed that TBA could be removed from solution by adsorption onto AC better than atrazine.