Effects of aerobic or aerobic and resistance training on cardiorespiratory and skeletal muscle function in heart failure: a randomized controlled pilot trial.

Objective: To examined the effects of different training modalities on exercise capacity (Vo( 2peak)), systolic function, muscular strength and endurance and quality of life in heart failure patients.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Cardiac rehabilitation centre in Canada.

A 26 year physiological description of a National Hockey League team.

The primary purpose of this investigation was to examine the physiological profile of a National Hockey League (NHL) team over a period of 26 years. All measurements were made at a similar time of year (pre-season) in 703 male (mean age +/- SD = 24 +/- 4 y) hockey players. The data were analyzed across years, between positions (defensemen, forwards, and goaltenders), and between what were deemed successful and non-successful years using a combination of points acquired during the season and play-off success.

A longitudinal study of exercise barriers in colorectal cancer survivors participating in a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The Colorectal Cancer and Home-Based Physical Exercise (CAN-HOPE) trial compared the effects of a 16-week home-based exercise program to usual care on quality of life in colorectal cancer survivors.

Purpose: In this study, we report the weekly exercise barriers from the exercise group.

Methods: Participants randomized to the exercise group (N = 69) were asked to report their exercise on a weekly basis by telephone.

Predictors of adherence and contamination in a randomized trial of exercise in colorectal cancer survivors.

The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of exercise adherence (i.e. exercise in the intervention group) and exercise contamination (i.

Modification of the Wingate anaerobic power test for rowing: optimization of the resistance setting.

The purpose of the study was to determine the resistance factor that would elicit the highest peak 5 s and mean 30 s power output (PO) during a maximal 30 s anaerobic power test on a rowing ergometer. Thirty-one rowers (17 male and 14 female) were recruited based on the light-weight (LW) (6 male; age 23 +/- 6 yrs and 6 female; age 19 +/- 2 yrs) and heavy-weight (HW) (11 male; age 24 +/- 4 yrs and 8 female; age 27 +/- 8 yrs) rowing categories. Each group completed 5 randomized series of maximal 30 s sprints equivalent to the following forces: 58.

Three independent factors predicted adherence in a randomized controlled trial of resistance exercise training among prostate cancer survivors.

Objective: To examine predictors of adherence in a randomized controlled trial of resistance exercise training (RET) in prostate cancer survivors receiving androgen deprivation therapy.

Study Design And Setting: A randomized controlled trial conducted at fitness centers in Ottawa and Edmonton, Canada. Prostate cancer survivors (n=155) completed measures of social cognitive variables, quality of life (QOL), behavior, and fitness before being randomized to either an exercise (n=82) or control (n=73) group.

Exercise motivation and adherence in cancer survivors after participation in a randomized controlled trial: an attribution theory perspective.

The purpose of this study was to examine postprogram exercise motivation and adherence in cancer survivors who participated in the Group Psychotherapy and Home-Based Physical Exercise (GROUP-HOPE; Courneya, Friedenreich, Sela, Quinney, & Rhodes, 2002) trial. At the completion of the GROUP-HOPE trial, 46 of 51 (90%) participants in the exercise group completed measures of attribution theory constructs. A 5-week follow-up self-report of exercise was then completed by 30 (65%) participants.

Blood volume expansion and cardiorespiratory function: effects of training modality.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of different modalities of aerobic (i.e., interval (INT) and continuous (CONT)) training on cardiorespiratory function and the importance of training-induced blood volume (BV) expansion on aerobic power and LV function.

A randomized trial of exercise and quality of life in colorectal cancer survivors.

We conducted a randomized controlled trial to determine the effects of a home-based exercise intervention on change in quality of life (QOL) in recently resected colorectal cancer survivors, most of whom were receiving adjuvant therapy. Participants were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to either an exercise (n = 69) or control (n = 33) group. The exercise group was asked to perform moderate intensity exercise 3-5 times per week for 20-30 min each time.

Low cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with elevated C-reactive protein levels in women with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine differences in novel markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women with type 2 diabetes stratified according to cardiorespiratory fitness.

Research Design And Methods: A total of 28 women (mean age 57 +/- 6 years) with type 2 diabetes who were free from overt CVD were placed into low cardiorespiratory fitness (LCF) or average cardiorespiratory fitness (ACF) groups based on a graded exercise test to exhaustion. A group of eight women without type 2 diabetes were also examined and served as healthy control subjects.

The role of exercise in the treatment of cardiovascular disease associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The role of exercise training in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus has been studied extensively over the past two decades. Although the primary treatment aim for patients with type 2 diabetes is metabolic control, the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease is more a function of cardiovascular disease. As exercise is associated with favourable reductions in the risk for cardiovascular disease in other high-risk populations, here we explore the role of exercise in the treatment of cardiovascular maladaptations associated with type 2 diabetes.

Effects of taper on endurance cycling capacity and single muscle fiber properties.

Purpose: It was hypothesized that metabolic adaptations in single muscle cells after a taper period are fiber type (I and II) specific and protocol regimen dependent.

Methods: After 7-wk intensive endurance training, 22 male cyclists (VO2max=4.42 +/- 0.

Late potentials in female triathletes before and after prolonged strenuous exercise.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of late potentials (LP) in female triathletes before and after prolonged strenuous exercise (PSE), and to determine whether LP are related to greater left ventricular (LV) dimensions and/or mass. Thirteen female triathletes were examined immediately before (Pre), one hour after (Post), and 24 to 48 hours after PSE (Recovery) using signal-averaged electrocardiography (SAECG). Late potentials were evaluated by two or more standard SAECG anomalies.

The group psychotherapy and home-based physical exercise (group-hope) trial in cancer survivors: physical fitness and quality of life outcomes.

Physical exercise has been shown to enhance quality of life (QOL) in cancer survivors using pretest-posttest designs and compared to usual care (i.e. no intervention).

Resistance exercise in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer.

Purpose: Androgen deprivation therapy is a common treatment in men with prostate cancer that may cause fatigue, functional decline, increased body fatness, and loss of lean body tissue. These physical changes can negatively affect health-related quality of life. Resistance exercise may help to counter some of these side effects by reducing fatigue, elevating mood, building muscle mass, and reducing body fat.

Myocardial response to incremental exercise in endurance-trained athletes: influence of heart rate, contractility and the Frank-Starling effect.

Recent evidence indicates that endurance-trained athletes are able to increase their stroke volume (SV) throughout incremental upright exercise, probably due to a progressively greater effect of the Frank-Starling mechanism. This is contrary to the widely held belief that SV reaches a plateau at a submaximal heart rate (irrespective of fitness level), owing to a limitation in the time for diastolic filling. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate whether endurance-trained athletes rely on a progressively greater effect of the Frank-Starling mechanism throughout incremental exercise.

Correlates of adherence and contamination in a randomized controlled trial of exercise in cancer survivors: an application of the theory of planned behavior and the five factor model of personality.

In this study, we examined correlates of adherence and contamination in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of exercise in cancer survivors using the theory of planned behavior and the Five Factor Model of personality (FFM). We randomly assigned cancer survivors in group psychotherapy classes to either a waiting-list control group (n = 45) or a home-based, moderate intensity exercise program (n = 51). At baseline, participants completed measures of the theory of planned behavior, the FFM, past exercise, physical fitness, medical variables, and demographics.

Effect of concurrent strength and endurance training on skeletal muscle properties and hormone concentrations in humans.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of concurrent strength and endurance training on strength, endurance, endocrine status and muscle fibre properties. A total of 45 male and female subjects were randomly assigned to one of four groups; strength training only (S), endurance training only (E), concurrent strength and endurance training (SE), or a control group (C). Groups S and E trained 3 days a week and the SE group trained 6 days a week for 12 weeks.

Blood volume, aerobic power, and endurance performance: potential ergogenic effect of volume loading.

Objective: Blood volume (BV) and hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) play important roles in oxygen transport. Manipulation of both BV and [Hb] can markedly affect systemic oxygen transport and maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max). However, the role of BV in oxygen transport and aerobic performance is not well understood.

Left ventricular morphology in junior and master resistance trained athletes.

Purpose: The objective of this cross-sectional investigation was to assess the effects of short (< 5 yr) versus long-term (> or = 18 yr) resistance training (RT) on left ventricular (LV) dimensions and mass.

Methods: The subjects for this study were 20 elite male powerlifters (8 junior athletes [JA], mean +/- SD, age: 21.1 +/- 1.

Development of a hockey-specific, skate-treadmill VO2 max protocol.

The purpose of this study was to investigate a protocol for the determination of VO2 max utilizing a motor-driven skate treadmill (ST). On separate days, 6 male hockey players completed a ST and a cycle ergometer (BK) VO2 max protocol. The results showed no significant difference between the ST and BK protocols for relative (60.

Reliability and validity of measures of cardiac output during incremental to maximal aerobic exercise. Part II: Novel techniques and new advances.

For exercise physiologists and sport cardiologists, one of the greatest challenges is to develop a valid, reliable, noninvasive and affordable measure of cardiac output (Q). There are several techniques available to measure Q during exercise conditions. These procedures generally provide accurate and reliable determinations of Q during submaximal exercise, but may be limited during maximal exercise conditions.

Reliability and validity of measures of cardiac output during incremental to maximal aerobic exercise. Part I: Conventional techniques.

The assessment of cardiac function, particularly cardiac output (Q) during heavy exercise is essential for the evaluation of cardiovascular factors that might limit oxygen transport. A series of invasive and noninvasive techniques has been developed for the assessment and monitoring of Q during resting and submaximal exercise conditions. However, very few techniques have been found to give accurate and reliable determinations of Q during vigorous to maximum exercise.

Effects of combined endurance and strength training on left ventricular morphology in male and female rowers.

The effects of 10 weeks of combined endurance and strength training on left ventricular (LV) morphology, muscular strength, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and rowing performance were assessed. Twenty-five subjects (eight males, mean age 23.0 +/- 6.