A perspective on the use of patient-reported experience and patient-reported outcome measures in ambulatory healthcare.

Introduction: Patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) are patient reports about their healthcare, whereas patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are reports about their functioning and well-being regarding physical, mental, and social health. We provide a perspective on using PREMs and PROMs in ambulatory healthcare.

Areas Covered: We conducted a narrative review of the literature about using PREMs and PROMs in research and clinical practice, identified challenges and possibilities for addressing them, and provided suggestions for future research and clinical practice.

Sociodemographic Disparities in the Use of Hospice by U.S. Nursing Home Residents: A Systematic Review.

Hospice can improve end-of-life (EOL) outcomes in U.S. nursing homes (NHs).

Taking Action to Support Nursing Home Resident Wellbeing: Perspectives of U.S. Nursing Home Staff During COVID-19.

Background And Objectives: COVID-19 negatively influenced resident wellbeing in nursing homes (NHs). We examine perceptions and experiences of U.S.

Urban and Rural Disparities in COVID-19 Outcomes in the United States: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review investigates disparities in COVID-19 outcomes (infections, hospitalizations, and deaths) between urban and rural populations in the United States. Of the 3,091 articles screened, 55 were selected. Most studies ( = 43) conducted national analyses, using 2020 data, with some extending into 2021.

Androgen receptor inhibition increases MHC Class I expression and improves immune response in prostate cancer.

Tumors escape immune detection and elimination through a variety of mechanisms. Here, we used prostate cancer as a model to examine how androgen-dependent tumors undergo immune evasion through downregulation of the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI). We report that response to immunotherapy in late-stage prostate cancer is associated with elevated MHC expression.

Mental Health Support for First Responders Provided Outside of California's Workers' Compensation System.

Objective: Concern about psychiatric injuries for first responders has grown. We examine alternatives to workers' compensation (WC).

Method: We conducted 15 interviews across 5 California departments contracted with non-WC mental health (MH) providers.

Does an "EZ" Survey Improve the Data Quality of the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) Clinician and Group Survey 3.1?

Completing self-administered patient experience surveys is challenging for many patients. We randomized adult patients receiving care from an urban safety net provider to complete the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) Clinician and Group Survey 3.1 (CG-CAHPS 3.

Associations of the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) Clinician and Group Survey Scores with Interventions and Site, Provider, and Patient Factors: A Systematic Review of the Evidence.

Patient experience is a key aspect of care quality. Since the 2007 release of the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Clinician and Group (CG-CAHPS) survey, no systematic review of factors associated with CG-CAHPS scores has been reported. We reviewed 52 peer-reviewed English language articles published in the United States using CG-CAHPS data.

Synthetic Lethal Targeting of CDK12-Deficient Prostate Cancer with PARP Inhibitors.

Purpose: The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), CDK12, is mutated or amplified in multiple cancers. We previously described a subtype of prostate cancer characterized predominantly by frameshift, loss-of-function mutations in CDK12. This subtype exhibits aggressive clinical features.

Mapping the influence of impurity interaction energy on nucleation in a lattice-gas model of solute precipitation.

We study nucleation in the two dimensional Ising lattice-gas model of solute precipitation in the presence of randomly placed static and dynamic impurities. Impurity-solute and impurity-solvent interaction energies are varied whilst keeping other interaction energies fixed. In the case of static impurities, we observe a monotonic decrease in the nucleation rate when the difference between impurity-solute and impurity-solvent interaction energies is increased.

Medicare Advantage customer service is used most by higher-need patients.

Objectives: To examine characteristics of Medicare Advantage (MA) enrollees who use their plan's customer service to help plans understand how to better meet members' needs.

Study Design: National sample of 259,533 respondents to MA Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems survey enrolled in any of the 559 MA contracts in 2022.

Methods: We assessed the association between self-reported customer service use in the prior 6 months and enrollee demographic, coverage, health, and health care utilization characteristics.

Roles of Chaplains and Clergy in Spiritual Care for African Americans in Hospice: A Pilot Study.

Context: Spiritual care is patient and caregiver spiritual/religious needs and those needs. Caregivers of African American hospice patients are more likely to report worse emotional/religious support. Yet, spiritual care delivery and roles of community clergy and chaplains for African American hospice patients are not well understood.

How the CAHPS Clinician and Group Patient Experience Survey Data Have Been Used in Research: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: Patient experience is a key aspect of care quality. The Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Clinician and Group (CG-CAHPS) survey measures experiences with ambulatory care providers to inform public reporting, pay-for-performance initiatives, interventions, patient choice of physicians/practices, and quality improvement. Since the survey's 2007 release, no systematic review of its use in research has been published.

An Atlas of Accessible Chromatin in Advanced Prostate Cancer Reveals the Epigenetic Evolution during Tumor Progression.

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a lethal disease that resists therapy targeting androgen signaling, the primary driver of prostate cancer. mCRPC resists androgen receptor (AR) inhibitors by amplifying AR signaling or by evolving into therapy-resistant subtypes that do not depend on AR. Elucidation of the epigenetic underpinnings of these subtypes could provide important insights into the drivers of therapy resistance.

Patient Surveys Are Used Most Often to Assess Health Care Innovations, Rigorous Methods Are Less Common.

The Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality Healthcare Innovations Exchange (IE) was developed to collect and report on innovative approaches to improving health care. The team reviewed 348 IE innovations including patient-reported satisfaction or experience measures. Innovations most often measured overall rating of care (61% of innovations), followed by access (52%) and provider-patient communication (12%).

HER2 overexpression in urothelial carcinoma with GATA3 and PPARG copy number gains.

HER2, encoded by the ERBB2 gene, is an important druggable driver of human cancer gaining increasing importance as a therapeutic target in urothelial carcinoma (UC). The genomic underpinnings of HER2 overexpression in ERBB2 nonamplified UC are poorly defined. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated 172 UC tumors from patients treated at the University of California San Francisco, using immunohistochemistry and next-generation sequencing.

A prostate cancer gastrointestinal transcriptional phenotype may be associated with diminished response to AR-targeted therapy.

Background: Prostate cancer is a heterogenous disease, but once it becomes metastatic it eventually becomes treatment resistant. One mechanism of resistance to AR-targeting therapy is lineage plasticity, where the tumor undergoes a transformation to an AR-indifferent phenotype, most studied in the context of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). However, activation of additional de- or trans-differentiation programs, including a gastrointestinal (GI) gene expression program, has been suggested as an alternative method of resistance.

Integrative analysis of ultra-deep RNA-seq reveals alternative promoter usage as a mechanism of activating oncogenic programmes during prostate cancer progression.

Transcription factor (TF) proteins regulate gene activity by binding to regulatory regions, most importantly at gene promoters. Many genes have alternative promoters (APs) bound by distinct TFs. The role of differential TF activity at APs during tumour development is poorly understood.