The association of seizure control with neuropathology in dementia.

Seizures in people with dementia (PWD) are associated with faster cognitive decline and worse clinical outcomes. However, the relationship between ongoing seizure activity and postmortem neuropathology in PWD remains unexplored. We compared post-mortem findings in PWD with active, remote, and no seizures using multicentre data from 39 Alzheimer's Disease Centres from 2005 to 2021.

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Clinical Trials Methodology Course: Summary and Accomplishments 2014-2023.

The Clinical Trials Methodology Course (CTMC), given from 2014 to 2023, was conducted to educate early-career clinical investigators from various backgrounds in neurosciences in the design of clinical trials and to provide mentorship to enhance academic careers and retention plus improve research productivity and the likelihood of successful grant applications. This summary describes the rationale, history, structure, and trainee outcomes of the CTMC. The course used small groups, consisting of 1-2 clinical faculty advisor(s), 1 faculty biostatistician, and 2-4 trainees who met remotely approximately weekly over 12 weeks.

Association of Seizure Control with Mortality, Cognition, and Function in People With Dementia.

Objectives: The effects of seizure control on outcomes in persons with dementia (PWD) remain unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the impact of seizure control on mortality, function, cognition, and mood among PWD.

Methods: This longitudinal, multicenter study is based on 39 Alzheimer's disease centers (ADCs) in the United States from September 2005 to December 2021.

Prevalence and associations of insomnia after COVID-19 infection.

Study Objectives: Sleep disturbances in "long COVID" are common, but the associations between the severity of sleep problems and the severity of COVID infection are unclear. We evaluated the prevalence, persistence, comorbidities, and clinical effects of insomnia following recovery from acute COVID-19 infection in a COVID-specific clinic.

Methods: Inpatients discharged after COVID infection and outpatients referred for persistent post-COVID symptoms were surveyed on insomnia severity (Insomnia Severity Index, ISI), other neuropsychological symptoms, cardiopulmonary symptoms and physiological functions (6 minute walk distance and others), and functional outcome and quality of life (QOL).

Association of Seizure Control With Cognition in People With Normal Cognition and Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background And Objectives: Seizures are common in dementia and associated with accelerated cognitive decline. However, the impact of active vs remote seizures on cognition remains understudied. This study aimed to investigate the impact of active vs remote seizures on cognition in people with normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

An end-to-end deep learning pipeline to derive blood input with partial volume corrections for automated parametric brain PET mapping.

Dynamic 2-[18F] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (dFDG-PET) for human brain imaging has considerable clinical potential, yet its utilization remains limited. A key challenge in the quantitative analysis of dFDG-PET is characterizing a patient-specific blood input function, traditionally reliant on invasive arterial blood sampling. This research introduces a novel approach employing non-invasive deep learning model-based computations from the internal carotid arteries (ICA) with partial volume (PV) corrections, thereby eliminating the need for invasive arterial sampling.

A medico-legal perspective on postictal violence: A case study and systematic review of postictal delirium.

Detailed descriptions of violent postictal episodes are rare. We provide evidence from an index case and from a systematic review of violent postictal episodes that demonstrates the encephalopathic features of some violent postictal behaviors. We discuss how these cases may fit in the legal framework of culpability.

Interrelationship of Sleep Disturbances and Cognitive Status on Mortality.

Sleep disturbances may promote the development and advancement of Alzheimer's disease. Our purpose was to determine if sleep disturbances were associated with earlier mortality while accounting for cognition. The National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center database was used to evaluate mortality risk conferred by sleep, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score determined cognitive status.

Recolonization of secondary forests by a locally extinct Caribbean anole through the lens of range expansion theory.

Disturbance and recovery dynamics are characteristic features of many ecosystems. Disturbance dynamics are widely studied in ecology and conservation biology. Still, we know less about the ecological processes that drive ecosystem recovery.

Improvement in non-24-h sleep-wake rhythm disorder in a sighted individual treated with a melatonin receptor agonist.

Non-24-hour sleep-wake rhythm disorder (N24SWD) typically presents in patients with visual impairments that disrupt the ability to entrain to the 24 hour solar cycle. We discuss a 43 year old sighted man who presented with periodic daytime hypersomnia and nighttime insomnia, occasionally leading to <3 hours of sleep per day. Previous polysomnography showed an apnea hypopnea index of 6.

Sleep-EEG in comorbid pain and insomnia: implications for the treatment of pain disorders.

Introduction: Patients with chronic pain experience a high prevalence of comorbid insomnia, which is associated with functional impairment. Recent advances in sleep electroencephalography (sleep-EEG) may clarify the mechanisms that link sleep and chronic pain. In this clinical update, we outline current advancements in sleep-EEG assessments for pain and provide research recommendations.

Circannual seizure provocation as the day lengthens in the northern and southern hemispheres.

Circannual status epilepticus (SE) patterns in communities near Earth's poles best test the hypothesis that SE susceptibility varies with light exposure because these communities are routinely subject to large changes in annual light exposure, which may result in changes to daily sleep time. We compared northern hemispheric circannual SE occurrence in Kivalliq, Canada (latitude-62.8° N) to southern hemispheric Auckland, New Zealand (latitude-36.

Chronic Neurocognitive, Neuropsychological, and Pulmonary Symptoms in Outpatient and Inpatient Cohorts After COVID-19 Infection.

Neuropsychological symptoms associated with post-COVID-19 conditions may prevent patients from resuming normal activities at home or work. We report a retrospective, cross-sectional evaluation of neuropsychological and cardiopulmonary outcomes in 2 groups of patients: outpatients with mild enough infection to be spared from hospitalization and those who required inpatient admission. We hypothesized a dose-response model of post-COVID symptom severity in which persistent consequences would be more severe in those who experienced worse acute infections.

Painful Cutaneous Laser Stimulation for Temporal Summation of Pain Assessment.

Variability in pain sensitivity arises not only from the differences in peripheral sensory receptors but also from the differences in central nervous system (CNS) pain inhibition and facilitation mechanisms. Temporal summation of pain (TSP) is an experimental protocol commonly used in human studies of pain facilitation but is susceptible to confounding when elicited with the skin-contact thermode, which adds the responses of touch-related Aβ low-threshold mechanoreceptors to nociceptive receptors. In the present study, we evaluate an alternative method involving the use of a contactless cutaneous laser for TSP assessment.

Multifocal hypometabolic correlates to deficits of verbal memory in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Background And Objectives: Neuropsychological research on mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) often highlights material-specific memory deficits, but a lesion-focused model may not accurately reflect the underlying networks that support episodic memory in these patients. Our study evaluated the pathophysiology behind verbal learning/memory deficits as revealed by hypometabolism quantified through 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET).

Methods: This retrospective study included thirty presurgical patients with intractable unilateral MTLE who underwent interictal FDG-PET and verbal memory assessment (12 females, mean age: 38.

Characteristics Associated with Self-Reported Exercise among US Adults Age ≥50 Years with Self-Reported Pain in the Past Four Weeks Who Used an Opioid.

The number of older adults in the United States is growing, alongside the number of older adults experiencing some sort of pain and using opioids. Exercise is an important pain management and pain prevention strategy. However, little is known about the factors associated with exercise among United States adults ≥50 years old with pain who use opioids.

Sleep Disturbances Predict Cognitive Decline in Cognitively Healthy Adults.

Background: The effect of nighttime behaviors on cognition has not been studied independently from other neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Objective: We evaluate the following hypotheses that sleep disturbances bring increased risk of earlier cognitive impairment, and more importantly that the effect of sleep disturbances is independent from other neuropsychiatric symptoms that may herald dementia.

Methods: We used the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center database to evaluate the relationship between Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) determined nighttime behaviors which served as surrogate for sleep disturbances and cognitive impairment.

Dynamic FDG-PET demonstration of functional brain abnormalities.

Positron emission tomography with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ( F-FDG-PET) has been used over 3 decades to map patterns of brain glucose metabolism to evaluate normal brain function or demonstrate abnormalities of metabolism in brain disorders. Traditional PET maps patterns of absolute tracer uptake but has demonstrated shortcomings in disorders such as brain neoplasm or focal epilepsy in the ability to resolve normally from pathological tissue. In this review, we describe an alternative process of metabolic mapping, dynamic PET.

International Consensus Statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Background: Evaluation and interpretation of the literature on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) allows for consolidation and determination of the key factors important for clinical management of the adult OSA patient. Toward this goal, an international collaborative of multidisciplinary experts in sleep apnea evaluation and treatment have produced the International Consensus statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea (ICS:OSA).

Methods: Using previously defined methodology, focal topics in OSA were assigned as literature review (LR), evidence-based review (EBR), or evidence-based review with recommendations (EBR-R) formats.

Sleep Disturbances, Cognitive Status, and Biomarkers of Dementia.

Background: While sleep disturbances appear to be risk factors in Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression, information such as the prevalence across dementia severity and the influence on the trajectory of cognitive decline is unclear.

Objective: We evaluate the hypotheses that the prevalence of insomnia differs by cognitive impairment, that sleep disturbances track with AD biomarkers, and that longitudinal changes in sleep disorders affect cognition.

Methods: We used the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Database to determine the prevalence of clinician-identified insomnia and nighttime behaviors in normal, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and demented individuals.

Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of an Internet-Delivered Intervention for Insomnia in Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background: Approximately 50% of older adults with cognitive impairment suffer from insomnia. When untreated, pre-existing cognitive problems may be exacerbated and potentially contribute to further cognitive decline. One promising approach to maintain cognitive health is to improve sleep quantity and quality.