Speech recognition technology for assessing team debriefing communication and interaction patterns: An algorithmic toolkit for healthcare simulation educators.

Background: Debriefings are central to effective learning in simulation-based medical education. However, educators often face challenges when conducting debriefings, which are further compounded by the lack of empirically derived knowledge on optimal debriefing processes. The goal of this study was to explore the technical feasibility of audio-based speaker diarization for automatically, objectively, and reliably measuring debriefing interaction patterns among debriefers and participants.

Where do ICU trainees really look? An eye-tracking analysis of gaze patterns during central venous catheter insertion.

Background: There is limited knowledge about gaze patterns of intensive care unit (ICU) trainee doctors during the insertion of a central venous catheter (CVC). The primary objective of this study was to examine visual patterns exhibited by ICU trainee doctors during CVC insertion. Additionally, the study investigated whether differences in gaze patterns could be identified between more and less experienced trainee doctors.

Automatized self-supervised learning for skin lesion screening.

Melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, has seen a steady increase in incidence rates worldwide, posing a significant challenge to dermatologists. Early detection is crucial for improving patient survival rates. However, performing total body screening (TBS), i.

Measuring teamwork for training in healthcare using eye tracking and pose estimation.

Teamwork is critical for safe patient care. Healthcare teams typically train teamwork in simulated clinical situations, which require the ability to measure teamwork via behavior observation. However, the required observations are prone to human biases and include significant cognitive load even for trained instructors.

Data-driven resuscitation training using pose estimation.

Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training improves CPR skills while heavily relying on feedback. The quality of feedback can vary between experts, indicating a need for data-driven feedback to support experts. The goal of this study was to investigate pose estimation, a motion detection technology, to assess individual and team CPR quality with the arm angle and chest-to-chest distance metrics.

How different augmented reality visualizations for drilling affect trajectory deviation, visual attention, and user experience.

Purpose: Previous work has demonstrated the high accuracy of augmented reality (AR) head-mounted displays for pedicle screw placement in spinal fusion surgery. An important question that remains unanswered is how pedicle screw trajectories should be visualized in AR to best assist the surgeon.

Methodology: We compared five AR visualizations displaying the drill trajectory via Microsoft HoloLens 2 with different configurations of abstraction level (abstract or anatomical), position (overlay or small offset), and dimensionality (2D or 3D) against standard navigation on an external screen.

Effects of tall man lettering on the visual behaviour of critical care nurses while identifying syringe drug labels: a randomised in situ simulation.

Background: Patients in intensive care units are prone to the occurrence of medication errors. Look-alike, sound-alike drugs with similar drug names can lead to medication errors and therefore endanger patient safety. Capitalisation of distinct text parts in drug names might facilitate differentiation of medication labels.

Differing Visual Behavior Between Inexperienced and Experienced Critical Care Nurses While Using a Closed-Loop Ventilation System-A Prospective Observational Study.

Closed-loop ventilation modes are increasingly being used in intensive care units to ensure more automaticity. Little is known about the visual behavior of health professionals using these ventilation modes. The aim of this study was to analyze gaze patterns of intensive care nurses while ventilating a patient in the closed-loop mode with Intellivent adaptive support ventilation® (I-ASV) and to compare inexperienced with experienced nurses.

An algorithmic approach to determine expertise development using object-related gaze pattern sequences.

Eye tracking (ET) technology is increasingly utilized to quantify visual behavior in the study of the development of domain-specific expertise. However, the identification and measurement of distinct gaze patterns using traditional ET metrics has been challenging, and the insights gained shown to be inconclusive about the nature of expert gaze behavior. In this article, we introduce an algorithmic approach for the extraction of object-related gaze sequences and determine task-related expertise by investigating the development of gaze sequence patterns during a multi-trial study of a simplified airplane assembly task.

Object-Gaze Distance: Quantifying Near- Peripheral Gaze Behavior in Real-World Applications.

Eye tracking (ET) has shown to reveal the wearer's cognitive processes using the measurement of the central point of foveal vision. However, traditional ET evaluation methods have not been able to take into account the wearers' use of the peripheral field of vision. We propose an algorithmic enhancement to a state-of-the-art ET analysis method, the Object- Gaze Distance (OGD), which additionally allows the quantification of near-peripheral gaze behavior in complex real-world environments.

Comparing the effectiveness of augmented reality-based and conventional instructions during single ECMO cannulation training.

Purpose: Effective training of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) cannulation is key to fighting the persistently high mortality rate of ECMO interventions. Though augmented reality (AR) is a promising technology for improving information display, only a small percentage of AR projects have addressed training procedures. The present study investigates the potential benefits of AR-based, contextual instructions for ECMO cannulation training as compared to instructions used during conventional training at a university hospital.

Eye Tracking Supported Human Factors Testing Improving Patient Training.

The handling of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) can be challenging for patients and requires appropriate training. The devices' usability impacts patients' safety and quality of life. In this study, an eye tracking supported human factors testing was performed to reveal problems during use and test the trainings' effectiveness.

Use of eye tracking in analyzing distribution of visual attention among critical care nurses in daily professional life: an observational study.

Patient safety is a priority in healthcare, yet it is unclear how sources of errors should best be analyzed. Eye tracking is a tool used to monitor gaze patterns in medicine. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of visual attention among critical care nurses performing non-simulated, routine patient care on invasively ventilated patients in an ICU.

Visual assessment of digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis analysed by eye tracking: implications for wound assessment.

Objectives: The assessment of digital ulcers (DUs) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) depends crucially on visual aspects. However, little is known about the differences in visual assessment of these wounds between experts and non-experts or medical lay persons (novices). To develop potential training recommendations for the visual assessment of digital ulcers in SSc, we analysed gaze pattern data during assessment of digital ulcers between assessors with different levels of expertise.

The doctor's point of view: eye-tracking as an investigative tool in the extubation process in intensive care units. A pilot study.

Background: Patient safety is a top priority in healthcare. Little is known about the visual behavior of professionals during high-risk procedures. The aim of this study was to assess feasibility, usability and safety of eye-tracking to analyze gaze patterns during the extubation process in the intensive care unit.

Value of Eye-Tracking Data for Classification of Information Processing-Intensive Handling Tasks: Quasi-Experimental Study on Cognition and User Interface Design.

Background: In order to give a wide range of people the opportunity to ensure and support home care, one approach is to develop medical devices that are as user-friendly as possible. This allows nonexperts to use medical devices that were originally too complicated to use. For a user-centric development of such medical devices, it is essential to understand which user interface design best supports patients, caregivers, and health care professionals.

Quantification of Avoidable Radiation Exposure in Interventional Fluoroscopy With Eye Tracking Technology.

Objectives: Reducing avoidable radiation exposure during medical procedures is a top priority. The purpose of this study was to quantify, for the first time, the percentage of avoidable radiation during fluoroscopically guided cardiovascular interventions using eye tracking technologies.

Materials And Methods: Mobile eye tracking glasses were used to measure precisely when the operators looked at a fluoroscopy screen during the interventions.

Visual Behaviour Strategies of Operators during Catheter-Based Cardiovascular Interventions.

The aim was to gain insights into the visual behaviour and the perceptual skills of operators during catheter-based cardiovascular interventions (CBCVIs). A total of 33 CBCVIs were performed at the University Hospital Zurich by five operators, two experts and three novices, while wearing eye tracking glasses. The visual attention distribution on three areas of interest (AOIs) the "Echo screen", "Fluoro screen" and "Patient" was analysed for the transseptal puncture procedure.

Toward a new age of patient centricity? The application of eye-tracking to the development of connected self-injection systems.

Background: Increasing interest in digitally enhanced drug delivery tools urges both industry and academia to rethink current approaches to product usability testing. This article introduces mobile eye-tracking, generating detailed contextual data about user engagement with connected self-injection systems as a new methodological approach to formative usability assessment.

Methods: A longitudinal case study with a total of 35 injection-naïve participants was conducted.

Automating Areas of Interest Analysis in Mobile Eye Tracking Experiments based on Machine Learning.

For an in-depth, AOI-based analysis of mobile eye tracking data, a preceding gaze assign-ment step is inevitable. Current solutions such as manual gaze mapping or marker-based approaches are tedious and not suitable for applications manipulating tangible objects. This makes mobile eye tracking studies with several hours of recording difficult to analyse quan-titatively.