Nivolumab-Induced Cytokine Release Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review.

BACKGROUND CRS (cytokine release syndrome) is a massive activation of the inflammatory system characterized by a supra-physiological rate of inflammatory cytokines. The interleukin 6 cytokine plays a central role in CRS. The main clinical sign of CRS is fever, but CRS can lead to multiple organ failure in severe cases.

Budget-Friendly Generation, Biochemical Analyses, and Lentiviral Transduction of Patient-Derived Colon Organoids.

For the past decade, three-dimensional (3D) culture models have been emerging as powerful tools in translational research to overcome the limitations of two-dimensional cell culture models. Thanks to their ability to recapitulate the phenotypic and molecular heterogeneity found in numerous organs, organoids have been used to model a broad range of tumors, such as colorectal cancer. Several approaches to generate organoids exist, with protocols using either pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells, or organ-restricted adult stem cells found in primary tissues, such as surgical resections as starting material.

Aggressive recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: A series of five consecutive patients successfully treated with adjuvant intravenous bevacizumab. A single Belgian academic center experience.

Background: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a currently incurable benign neoplasm caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. It usually reduces voice, respiratory, and general quality of life, and is sometimes life-threatening. Patients usually need repeated operations.

Incidence and Prognosis of Biliary Tract and Gallbladder Cancers in a Belgian Academic Hospital.

Background: Biliary tract and gallbladder cancers are rare tumors with a poor prognosis (except the ampulla type). The evolution of hepatobiliary cancer incidence varies widely around the world. According to the Belgian Cancer Registry, the number of hepatobiliary cancers has increased every year since 2004.

Preoperative treatment of benign insulinoma: diazoxide or somatostatin analogues?

Surgery is the ideal treatment of insulinoma. However, systemic therapy may be required to prevent severe preoperative hypoglycaemia, when surgery is contraindicated, delayed or refused and in case of unresectable metastatic disease. Diazoxide is commonly used but is not always effective and can cause serious side effects.