Identifying selection strategies based on the practices and preferences of small ruminant farmers to improve the sustainability of their breeding systems.

Small ruminant farming is of socio-economic and environmental importance to many rural communities around the world. The SMARTER H2020 project aims to redefine genetic selection criteria to increase the sustainability of the sector. The objective of this study was to analyse the selection and breeding management practices of small ruminant producers and breeders, linked with socio-technical elements that shape them.

Assessing and explaining trends in dairy cattle herd performance variables while using three-breed rotational crossbreeding: empirical evidence from commercial farms.

Three-breed rotational crossbreeding can improve the functional traits of dairy cows, but few farmers in most Western countries use it. This could be due to a lack of knowledge of its medium- and long-term effects on animal performance at the herd level, regardless of the initial states of the farm and herd, the crossbreeding programme(s) used and changes in farm management and structure while transitioning to it. We aimed at assessing changes in animal performance of dairy cattle herds transitioning towards three-breed rotational crossbreeding and at identifying factors that explained them.

[Patient safety culture for health professionals in primary care : French adaptation of the MOSPSC questionnaire (Medical Office Survey on Patient Safety Culture)].

Background: Patient safety culture (PSC) takes into account a number of individual and organizational factors. Evaluation of PSC with the participation of primary health care professionals can be carried out through self-administered surveys such as the AHRQ's Medical Office Survey on Patient Safety Culture (MOSPSC) questionnaire.

Aim: To translate the MOSPSC questionnaire into French, while analyzing its psychometric properties.

Milk, Fertility and Udder Health Performance of Purebred Holstein and Three-Breed Rotational Crossbred Cows within French Farms: Insights on the Benefits of Functional Diversity.

Using three-breed rotational crossbreeding in a purebred Holstein (HO) herd raises two questions: Do the different genetic classes of cows generated by crossbreeding perform differently? Are there any economic benefits of combining them within a herd? This study aimed at comparing the performance between the different genetic classes resulting from the use of three-breed rotational crossbreeding, and simulating the effect of combining them on herd profitability. Based on a dataset of 14 French commercial dairy herds using three-bred rotational crossbreeding from a HO herd over a 10-year period, we defined three genetic classes according to the theoretical value of heterosis and the percentage of HO genes. We performed linear models and estimated least square means to compare HO cows and the first and second generation of crosses (F and G, respectively) on eight performance characteristics related to milk yield and solids, udder health and fertility.

Exploring the role of managers in the development of a safety culture in seven French healthcare facilities: a qualitative study.

Background: Numerous studies have been conducted over the past 15 years to assess safety culture within healthcare facilities; in general, these studies have shown the pivotal role that managers play in its development. However, little is known about what healthcare managers actually do to support this development, and how caregivers and managers represent managers'role. Thus the objectives of this study were to explore: i) caregivers and managers' perceptions and representations of safety, ii) the role of managers in the development of safety culture as perceived by themselves and by caregivers, iii) managers' activities related to the development of safety culture.

Managing the transition from purebred to rotational crossbred dairy cattle herds: three technical pathways from a retrospective case-study analysis.

The growing interest in rotational crossbreeding in Western countries is due to its potential to improve reproductive and health performances of cows. Although a large amount of research focuses on assessing crossbred cows' performances, how to manage the transition from purebred to rotational crossbred herds is under-explored. Based on a retrospective analysis of French dairy herd case studies, we aimed to identify and characterise technical pathways to make such a transition.

Improving the safety climate in hospitals by a vignette-based analysis of adverse events: a cluster randomised study.

Objective: To assess the impact of a vignette-based analysis of adverse events (AEs) on the safety climate (SC) of care units.

Design: Prospective, open, cluster (a unit) randomised controlled trial.

Setting: Eighteen acute care units of seven hospitals in France.

Impact of an Original Methodological Tool on the Identification of Corrective and Preventive Actions After Root Cause Analysis of Adverse Events in Health Care Facilities: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of a new methodological tool for the identification of corrective and preventive actions (CAPAs) after root cause analysis of health care-related adverse events.

Methods: From January to June 2010, we conducted a randomized controlled trial involving risk managers from 111 health care facilities of the Aquitaine Regional Center for Quality and Safety in Health Care (France). Fifty-six risk managers, randomly assigned to two groups (intervention and control), identified CAPAs in response to two sequentially presented adverse event scenarios.

Patient safety incidents are common in primary care: A national prospective active incident reporting survey.

Background: The study objectives were to describe the incidence and the nature of patient safety incidents (PSIs) in primary care general practice settings, and to explore the association between these incidents and practice or organizational characteristics.

Methods: GPs, randomly selected from a national influenza surveillance network (n = 800) across France, prospectively reported any incidents observed each day over a one-week period between May and July 2013. An incident was an event or circumstance that could have resulted, or did result, in harm to a patient, which the GP would not wish to recur.

[Adverse events in general medicine, the national primary care study].

Carried out in France in 2013, the national primary care study on adverse events enabled the average frequency of such events in outpatient care to be estimated. General practitioners identified an occurrence of an adverse event every two days, without consequence for the patients in three quarters of the cases.

[Quality improvement initiatives in hospitals: which one to choose].

The number of quality improvement initiatives in hospitals has been steadily increasing in the last decades. Most of these initiatives are inspired by three quality control and improvement models developed in the manufacturing industry: the final inspection, the quality assurance and the total quality management. The purpose of this review is to describe how these methods have been implemented in healthcare organizations and to assess their effectiveness and acceptability by healthcare professionals.

Acceptability of Health Care-Related Risks: A Literature Review.

Objectives: Risk management aims at reducing risks associated with hospital care to an acceptable level, both in their frequency and their impact on health. The social acceptability of risk on the part of the general population and of the health-care professionals, faced with regular information about adverse events, is undoubtedly evolving rapidly.In contrast to risk acceptability, the concept of risk perception is of limited interest to risk managers because it does not inform on the behaviors and actions resulting from these perceptions.

Validation of the French version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire.

Objective: To assess the psychometric properties of the French version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire (HSOPSC) and study the hierarchical structure of the measured dimensions.

Design: Cross-sectional survey of the safety culture.

Setting: 18 acute care units of seven hospitals in South-western France.

Development of a safety culture: initial measurements at six hospitals in France.

A cross-sectional and descriptive survey of a safety culture (SC) was conducted in 20 clinical units in France. A self-administered questionnaire measuring 12 dimensions of safety culture was given to healthcare professionals. The overall response rate was 65%.

Prospective assessment of hospital-acquired bloosdstream infections: how many may be preventable?

Objective: To determine the proportion of preventable hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (HA-BSIs), the authors prospectively examined consecutive cases in a large university hospital over an 18-month period.

Patients And Methods: Medical charts were assessed with the physician in charge of the patient within 4 days after HA-BSI diagnosis to determine whether the infection was healthcare-related. Preventability was assessed using a validated tool.

[Security in medication use process: state-of-play report in 21 hospital pharmacies in Aquitaine (France)].

Background: Failures may occur in each part of the medication use process. This study aimed to evaluate the barriers existing in hospital pharmacies in order to prevent medication errors and to help institutions to make improvement actions.

Methods: Within the framework of the SECURIMED project, risk assessment visit (interviews, observations, analysis of adverse event scenario by professionals.

[Not Available].

Background: Failures may occur in each part of the medication use process. This study aimed to evaluate the barriers existing in hospital pharmacies in order to prevent medication errors and to help institutions to make improvement actions.

Methods: Within the framework of the SECURIMED project, risk assessment visit (interviews, observations, analysis of adverse event scenario by professionals…) were conducted in volunteer hospital pharmacies.

French national survey of inpatient adverse events prospectively assessed with ward staff.

Objectives: To estimate the incidence of adverse events in medical and surgical activity in public and private hospitals, and to assess the clinical situation of patients and the active errors.

Design: Prospective assessment of adverse events by external senior nursing and doctor investigators with ward staff.

Setting: Random three-stage stratified cluster sampling of stays or fractions of stay in a 7-day observation period for each ward.

Prevalence of hospital-acquired infections in a home care setting.

The aim of this point-prevalence study was to determine the prevalence of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) by site of infection and the associated risk factors in a 'hospital at home' setting in Paris. All patients undergoing a care procedure with a risk of infection and who had been in home care for more than 48 h on the day of the survey (5 June 2000) were enrolled. A standard questionnaire was completed by nurses, midwives and family doctors.

Evaluation of current practices in surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis in primary total hip prosthesis--a multicentre survey in private and public French hospitals.

Deep wound infection is a rare but dreaded postoperative complication after total hip prosthesis (THP) procedures but its incidence can be reduced by systemic antimicrobial prophylaxis. The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether antimicrobial prophylaxis for elective primary THP in patients without any history of hip infection, in orthopaedic wards, participating on a voluntary basis, in French public hospitals and private institutions, complies with published guidelines. Three types of data were collected from anaesthetic and surgical records (November 2000-January 2001) in participating hospitals: (1) administrative data on the hospitals and orthopaedic wards, (2) data on patients, (3) data on compliance of practices with five critical criteria derived from published French guidelines.

Comparison of three methods for estimating rates of adverse events and rates of preventable adverse events in acute care hospitals.

Objectives: To compare the effectiveness, reliability, and acceptability of estimating rates of adverse events and rates of preventable adverse events using three methods: cross sectional (data gathered in one day), prospective (data gathered during hospital stay), and retrospective (review of medical records).

Design: Independent assessment of three methods applied to one sample.

Setting: 37 wards in seven hospitals (three public, four private) in southwestern France.

[Medicinal iatrogenics in hospitals. A survey on a given day].

Objective: Medicinal iatrogenics are responsible for hospital admissions but also occur in hospitals. In view of the lack of knowledge, prevalence and nature of the adverse drug-related events (ADE) in the Bichat-Claude Bernard hospital group in Paris, and because of the potential severity of the latter, the Local drug committee has decided to develop a policy to manage these risks.

Method: The first stage consisted in a transversal study on a given day in the departments in which patients are hospitalised for more than 24 hours, in order to assess the prevalence, severity and preventability of ADE and to search for factors of risk.

Association between hospital-acquired infections and patients' transfers.

Objective: To assess the risk of nosocomial infection in transferred patients and to determine whether transfer is only a risk marker or is independently associated with nosocomial infection.

Design: Retrospective analysis.

Setting: A 400-bed general hospital in the Paris area.

[Organization of the program for prevention and control of nosocomial infections in France].

Nosocomial infections (NI) are infections acquired in hospitals. The aim of this paper is to describe the organization of NI control program in France. The organization of this program started in 1988 by the formation of the Infection Control Committees in hospitals.