Arthroscopic Fixation of Symptomatic Meso-Type Os Acromiale: Technical Note.

Symptomatic Os acromiale can cause pain, impingement, and reduced range of movement. Disruption of the syndesmosis can result in significant pain and functional impairment; this may occur after trauma. Symptomatic Os acromiale is treated by either excision or fixation.

Arthroscopic Superior Capsular Reconstruction for Management of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: A Simple Alternative Technique.

The use of acellular dermal allograft in arthroscopic superior capsular reconstruction is a promising treatment option for massive irreparable rotator cuff tears. However, indications are limited to a subset of patients, so it is not routinely performed. Therefore, the surgery is technically demanding, although it has evolved in recent years.

Clinical Outcome of Transtendon Repair of Partial Articular Supraspinatus Tendon Avulsion Tear.

Partial articular supraspinatus tendon avulsion (PASTA) tears are common. However, there is no consensus on the optimal surgical technique for the management of grade 3 tears (>50%). The authors report a retrospective consecutive case series of 64 patients with grade 3 PASTA lesions.

Arthroscopic Superior Capsular Reconstruction of the Shoulder Using Dermal Allograft.

Irreparable massive cuff tears in young patients pose a difficult problem for shoulder surgeons. Arthroscopic superior capsular reconstruction has shown promise in recent years in the treatment of this challenging patient population. The majority of the literature is limited to surgical techniques.

The Epidemiology of Adult Distal Femoral Shaft Fractures in a Central London Major Trauma Centre Over Five Years.

Background: Distal femoral fractures account for 3-6% of adult femoral fractures and 0.4% of all fractures and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality rates. As countries develop inter-hospital trauma networks and adapt healthcare policy for an aging population there is growing importance for research within this field.

Current clinical evidence for the use of mesenchymal stem cells in articular cartilage repair.

Introduction: Articular cartilage is renowned for its poor intrinsic capacity for repair. Current treatments for osteoarthritis are limited in their ability to reliably restore the native articular cartilage structure and function. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) present an attractive treatment option for articular cartilage repair, with a recent expansion of clinical trials investigating their use in patients.

Functional outcome following primary total knee arthroplasty cannot be predicted using the initial post-operative radiograph.

Obtaining standardised post-operative radiographs following total knee arthroplasty is common practice. Little is known regarding how measurements taken from the initial post-operative radiograph correlate to functional outcome. The initial post-operative radiographs for 110 primary total knee arthroplasties were reviewed retrospectively.

Preclinical and clinical data for the use of mesenchymal stem cells in articular cartilage tissue engineering.

Introduction: With an ageing population, the prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) has increased. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have been proposed to be an attractive alternative candidate in the tissue engineering of articular cartilage primarily due to its abundant source, reduced cartilage donor site morbidity, and strong capacity for proliferation and potential to differentiate toward a chondrogenic phenotype.

Areas Covered: A current overview of human, in vivo, and in vitro evidence on the use of MSCs in cartilage tissue engineering.

TGF-beta3: A potential biological therapy for enhancing chondrogenesis.

Background: TGF-beta has been proposed to stimulate chondrogenesis through intracellular pathways involving small mothers against decapentaplegic proteins (Smads).

Objective: To examine the use of exogenous TGF-beta3 to promote new hyaline cartilage formation.

Methods: An overview of in vitro and in vivo evidence on the effects of TGF-beta3 on cartilage regeneration.

Statins: under investigation for increasing bone mineral density and augmenting fracture healing.

Background: Statins are 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitors and have been shown to possess anti-lipidaemic properties effective in lowering cholesterol. Recent evidence has suggested beneficial pleiotropic effects, including that of fracture healing, alongside its widely accepted ability to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease.

Objectives: A comprehensive review of the recent literature on the effect of statins on bone mineral density and fracture healing.