The epidemiology of critical respiratory diseases in ex-premature infants in Vietnam: A prospective single-center study.

Introduction: This study aimed to describe the epidemiology and etiologies of critical respiratory diseases of ex-premature infants (EPIs) admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care unit (PICU).

Methods: Infants ≤2 years old with acute respiratory illnesses admitted to PICU of Vietnam National Children's Hospital from November 2019 to April 2021 were enrolled and followed up to hospital discharge. We compared respiratory pathogens, outcomes, and PICU resources utilized between EPIs and term infants.

A two-phased study on the use of remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) in paediatric care.

Background: Advancements in medical technologies have led to the development of contact-free methods of haemodynamic monitoring such as remote photoplethysmography (rPPG). rPPG uses video cameras to interpret variations in skin colour related to blood flow, which are analysed to generate vital signs readings. rPPG potentially ameliorates problems like fretfulness and fragile skin contact associated with conventional probes in children.

Colorimetric CO2 Detector to Improve Effective Mask Ventilations in Very Preterm Infants: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study.

Introduction: End-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) detector is currently recommended for confirmation of endotracheal tube placement during neonatal resuscitation. Whether it is feasible to use ETCO2 detectors during mask ventilation to reduce risk of bradycardia and desaturations, which are associated with increased risk of death in preterm babies, is unknown.

Methods: This is a pilot randomized controlled trial (NCT04287907) involving newborns 24 + 0/7 to 32 + 0/7 weeks gestation who required mask ventilation at birth.

Contemporary fluid management, humidity, and patent ductus arteriosus management strategy for premature infants among 336 hospitals in Asia.

Objectives: The management of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a critical concern in premature infants, and different hospitals may have varying treatment policies, fluid management strategies, and incubator humidity. The Asian Neonatal Network Collaboration (AsianNeo) collected data on prematurity care details from hospitals across Asian countries. The aim of this study was to provide a survey of the current practices in the management of PDA in premature infants in Asian countries.

Endotracheal Tube Size Adjustments Within Seven Days of Neonatal Intubation.

Background And Objectives: Neonatal endotracheal tube (ETT) size recommendations are based on limited evidence. We sought to determine data-driven weight-based ETT sizes for infants undergoing tracheal intubation and to compare these with Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) recommendations.

Methods: Retrospective multicenter cohort study from an international airway registry.

Variations in medical practice of retinopathy of prematurity among 8 Asian countries from an international survey.

Advances in perinatal care have led to the increased survival of preterm infants with subsequent neonatal morbidities, such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). This study aims to compare the differences of neonatal healthcare systems, resources, and clinical practice concerning ROP in Asia with review of current literature. An on-line survey at the institutional level was sent to the directors of 336 neonatal intensive care units (NICU) in 8 collaborating national neonatal networks through the Asian Neonatal Network Collaboration (AsianNeo).

Impact of multiple intubation attempts on adverse tracheal intubation associated events in neonates: a report from the NEAR4NEOS.

Objective: To determine the relationship between number of attempts and adverse events during neonatal intubation.

Study Design: A retrospective study of prospectively collected data of intubations in the delivery room and NICU from the National Emergency Airway Registry for Neonates (NEAR4NEOS) in 17 academic centers from 1/2016 to 12/2019. We examined the association between tracheal intubation attempts [1, 2, and ≥3 (multiple attempts)] and clinical adverse outcomes (any tracheal intubation associated events (TIAE), severe TIAE, and severe oxygen desaturation).

Supraglottic Airways Compared With Face Masks for Neonatal Resuscitation: A Systematic Review.

Background And Objectives: Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) is the most important component of neonatal resuscitation, but face mask ventilation can be difficult. Compare supraglottic airway devices (SA) with face masks for term and late preterm infants receiving PPV immediately after birth.

Methods: Data sources include Medline, Embase, Cochrane Databases, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature.

Does videolaryngoscopy improve tracheal intubation first attempt success in the NICUs? A report from the NEAR4NEOS.

Objective: We hypothesized that videolaryngoscope use for tracheal intubations would differ across NICUs, be associated with higher first attempt success and lower adverse events.

Study Design: Data from the National Emergency Airway Registry for Neonates (01/2015 to 12/2017) included intubation with direct laryngoscope or videolaryngoscope. Primary outcome was first attempt success.

Risk Factors Predicting the Need for Phototherapy in Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase-Deficient Infants in a Large Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency increases the risk of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. This study evaluates the risk factors predicting the need for phototherapy in G6PD-deficient neonates after 72 h of age and assesses the safety of early discharge.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 681 full-term G6PD-deficient infants with a birth weight ≥2,500 g over 4 years was conducted.

Singapore Neonatal Resuscitation Guidelines 2021.

Neonatal resuscitation is a coordinated, team-based series of timed sequential steps that focuses on a transitional physiology to improve perinatal and neonatal outcomes. The practice of neonatal resuscitation has evolved over time and continues to be shaped by emerging evidence as well as key opinions. We present the revised Neonatal Resuscitation Guidelines for Singapore 2021.

Perinatal Palliative Care Service: Developing a Comprehensive Care Package for Vulnerable Babies with Life Limiting Fetal Conditions.

Perinatal Palliative Care provides comprehensive and holistic care for expectant and new parents, who receive a diagnosis of life-limiting fetal condition and opt to continue pregnancy and care for their newborn infant. To develop a service providing individually tailored holistic care during pregnancy, birth, postnatal and bereavement period. Following a baseline survey of neonatologists and discussions with key stakeholders we launched the Perinatal Palliative service at the KK Women's and Children's hospital, Singapore in January 2017.

Moisturisers from birth in at-risk infants of atopic dermatitis - a pragmatic randomised controlled trial.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic dermatosis, with onset of disease often manifesting in early infancy. Past studies evaluating the early use of moisturisers in the prevention of AD had mixed results.

Objectives: To compare the incidence of moderate or severe AD and total incidence of AD in a cohort of 'at-risk' infants treated with moisturisers from the first 2 weeks of life, to a similar group without moisturisers.

A narrative review of Poland's syndrome: theories of its genesis, evolution and its diagnosis and treatment.

Poland's syndrome (PS) is a rare musculoskeletal congenital anomaly with a wide spectrum of presentations. It is typically characterized by hypoplasia or aplasia of pectoral muscles, mammary hypoplasia and variably associated ipsilateral limb anomalies. Limb defects can vary in severity, ranging from syndactyly to phocomelia.

Associations of Stylet Use during Neonatal Intubation with Intubation Success, Adverse Events, and Severe Desaturation: A Report from NEAR4NEOS.

Introduction: Intubations are frequently performed procedures in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) and delivery rooms (DR). Unsuccessful first attempts are common as are tracheal intubation-associated events (TIAEs) and severe desaturations. Stylets are often used during intubation, but their association with intubation outcomes is unclear.

Guidance for the clinical management of infants born to mothers with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 in Singapore.

In this paper, we provide guidance to clinicians who care for infants born to mothers with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 during this current pandemic. We reviewed available literature and international guidelines based on the following themes: delivery room management; infection control and prevention strategies; neonatal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 testing; breastfeeding and breastmilk feeding; rooming-in of mother-infant; respiratory support precautions; visiting procedures; de-isolation and discharge of infant; outpatient clinic attendance; transport of infant; and training of healthcare staff. This guidance for clinical care was proposed and contextualised for the local setting via consensus by members of this workgroup and was based on evidence available as of 31 July 2020, and may change as new evidence emerges.

Academic school readiness in children born very preterm and associated risk factors.

Background And Aims: Although the intelligence quotient (IQ) test is useful to assess general cognitive function, it may miss more specific and subtle deficits of learning, working memory, attention and executive function. This study aims to evaluate cognitive performance and academic school readiness (SR) concepts in preterm very low birth weight (PT/VLBW) children, compared to typically developing term controls and to evaluate factors affecting basic (SR) concepts in children with IQ>85.

Methods: A prospective cohort study of 123 PT/VLBW survivors with birth weights ≤1250 g and 74 term controls born between 2007 and 2009 in Singapore were assessed for school readiness using Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-III), Bracken School Readiness Assessment (BSRA-3) and Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration (VMI) at age 5.

Reinforcing the vascular disruption theory of the genesis of Poland's syndrome: a rare association of diaphragmatic eventration in a preterm infant with severe musculoskeletal defects.

A preterm female infant was admitted at birth with respiratory distress. On examination, she had an asymmetric right chest wall and ipsilateral small hand. Air entry was reduced over the right chest.

Effectiveness of Palivizumab Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalization Among Preterm Infants in a Setting With Year-Round Circulation.

Background: The year-round respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) circulation in tropical regions leads to different transmission patterns and burden of disease among infants born very preterm.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study to estimate the effectiveness of palivizumab in preventing RSV hospitalization at 6 and 12 months after discharge, among infants born at <32 weeks' gestation in our tropical setting.

Results: A total of 109 infants (26.